Crochet

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Not to be confused with Crotchet, common name for quarter notes in music.

Crochet ( English: ; French: Ã, [k ????] ) is a process of making cloth by interlocking thread, yarn, or other material strands using hook crochet. This name is derived from the French term crochet , which means 'little hook'. It is made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and is produced commercially and produced in the craftsman's workshop. The striking difference between crocheting and knitting, beyond the tools used for their production, is that each stitch in the crochet is finished before continuing with the next, while knitting makes a large amount of stitches open at a time. (Variant shapes like Crochet crochet and broom lace keep a lot of crochet stitches open at a time.)

Video Crochet

Etymology

The word crochet comes from the old French crochet , which is small from crochet , in turn from German croc , both meaning "hook". It was used in the manufacture of 17th century French lace, crochetage pointed to a puncture used to combine separate lace pieces, and crochet which further refers to both a particular type of fabric and that hooked. the needle used to produce it. Although the fabric is not known to crochet in the current sense, the genealogical relationship between the name-sharing technique seems likely.

Maps Crochet

Origins

The knitted textiles survived from the earliest periods, but the first substantive evidence of the fabrics was related to his appearance in Europe during the 19th century. The previous work was identified as a crochet generally made by nÃÆ'  ¥ lebinding, a technique of different circular threads.

The first published instructions known to crochet explicitly use the term to designate the craft in the sense that now appears in Dutch magazine Penà © à © lopà ©  © in 1823. This includes a colored plate showing the five styles of the wallet the three are meant to be knitted with silk thread. The first is "simple open crochet" ( crochet simple ajour ); the mesh of the threaded curvature of the chain. The second (illustrated here) begins in semi-open form ( for jour ), where the suture-chain curl alternates with the same length of crochet slip-stitch segment, and is covered with a star made with " double -crochet stitches "( dubbelde hekelsteek : double-crochet in English terminology, single-crochet in US). The third wallet is made entirely with double-crochet. The instructions prescribe the use of a tambour needle (as illustrated below) and introduce a number of decorative techniques.

The earliest English reference date is dated to a garment made out of a fabric produced by a looping thread with a hook-shepherd's knitting - it is in Elizabeth Grant's The Memoir of Highland Lady () 1797). -1830). The journal entry itself, dated 1812 but was not recorded in a published form later until sometime between 1845 and 1867, and the date of actual publication was first in 1898. Nonetheless, the volume 1833 of Penà © à © lopà © explain and illustrate the hook of a shepherd, and recommend its use to crochet with rough yarn.

In 1842, one of the many books on crochets that began to emerge in the 1840s:

"Crochet needles, sometimes called Hook Shepherds, are made of steel, ivory, or wooden boxes.They have a hook on one end that looks similar to a fish hook., where wool or silk is captured and pulled through the work.This instrument must be obtained from various sizes... "

Two years later, the same author, writes:

"Crochet, - a knitting species originally practiced by farmers in Scotland, with a small tied needle called a shepherd's hook, - has, in the last seven years, aided by taste and fashion, gained preference over all works -Other ornamental works of the same nature, he got his present name from France, the instrument used by them, from his crooked form, called 'crochet.' This art has reached the highest level of perfection in Britain, where it has been transplanted to France and Germany, and both countries, although unjustifiably, have claimed this discovery. "

An instruction book of 1846 describes Shepherd or Single Crochet as what British use today is called crochet crochet or single slips, with American terminology always using the latter (storing a single crochet for use as noted above ). This is the same as "Double" and "French crochet".

Despite a pure British categorical statement, there is strong evidence of the relationship between French tambour embroidery and crochet. The previous method of production is illustrated in detail in 1763 at Diderot's Encyclopedia. The point of the needle shown there can not be distinguished from the present inline crochet latches and the stitching chain separated from the support of the fabric is a fundamental element of the last technique. 1823 Penà © à © lopÃÆ'  © The instructions expressly state that the tambour tool is used to crochet and the first of the 1840's instruction books uses the term tambour and crochet i> as synonyms. This equality is preserved in the 4th edition of the work, 1847.

The strong taper hook shepherd facilitates the production of knit-stitch knitting but is less amenable to stitches that require multiple loops on the hook at the same time. Early yarn hooks are also continuously tapered but are gradual enough to accommodate multiple loops. The design with today's common cylindrical shafts is mostly reserved for min-style steel needles. The two types gradually merged into the modern form that emerged towards the end of the 19th century, including the spiky and cylindrical segments, and the tapered bones remained steadily in industrial production until World War II.

Early instruction books often refer to alternative uses of 'ivory, bones, or wooden hooks' and 'hand held needles', which are in line with the stitches made. Taken with the identical labeling of a shepherd and a single crochet, and similar equations of the French-and double crochet, there is a strong suggestion that crochet is rooted in tambour embroidery and knitting shepherds, leading to yarns and crochet yarns; differences still made. The melting of all these elements - the "discovery" mentioned above - has not been determined, as well as the shepherd's knitting origin.

Hook Shepherd is still made for the local crochet slip-stitch tradition. The shapes in the accompanying photo are typical for contemporary production. An increasingly tapered design between the two with a tapered 19th-century hook is also in previous production, generally made from a fork and spoon handle.

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Crochet Ireland

In the 19th century, when Ireland faced the Great Irish Famine (1845-1849), knitted lace work was introduced as a form of hunger aid (lace lace production became an alternative way of making money for poor Irish workers). Men, women, children join cooperatives to crochet and produce products to help with the help of hunger during the Greater Irish Famine. School to teach knitting begins. The teachers are trained and sent throughout Ireland to teach this craft. When Ireland immigrated to the Americas, they can take with them knitting. Mademoiselle Riego de la Blanchardiere is generally credited with the discovery of Crochet Ireland, published the first book of patterns in 1846. Irish lace became popular in Europe and America, and was made in quantity until the first World War.

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Practice and modern culture

Fashions in crochet changed with the end of the Victorian era in the 1890s. The knitted rope in the new Edward era, peaking between 1910 and 1920, became more complicated in complicated textures and stitches.

However, strong Victorian colors disappeared, and new publications requested white or pale threads, except for fancy purses, often sewn from brightly colored silk and intricate beads. After World War I, much fewer crochet patterns were published, and most of them were simplified versions of early 20th century patterns. After World War II, from the late 1940s to the early 1960s, there was a resurgence in home craft interest, particularly in the United States, with many new and imaginative crochet designs published for colorful napkins, potholders, and home wares others, along with previous publication updates. These patterns require threads and threads that are thicker than previous patterns and include beautifully colored colors. Crafts remained primarily the art of a housewife until the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the new generation took in the crochet and popularized granny boxes, motifs worked in laps and incorporating bright colors.

Although crochet has declined in popularity next, the early 21st century has seen a revival of interest in handicrafts and DIY, as well as great advances in improving the quality and variety of yarns. There are many new pattern books with modern printed patterns, and most thread shops now offer crochet lessons in addition to traditional knitting lessons. There are many books that you can buy from local bookstores to teach yourself how to knit whether it is as beginner or intermediate. There are also many books for children and teenagers who wish to take a hobby. Crochet filet, crochet Tunisia, crochet tapestri, broom lace, hairpin lace, cro-hooking, and Irish knit are all variants of the basic crochet method.

Crochet has experienced a revival on the catwalk as well. Christopher Kane's Ready-to-Wear collection in 2011 intensified using granny square, one of the most basic crochet motifs. In addition, the crochet has been used many times by designers on the popular reality show Project Runway . Websites like Etsy and Ravelry have made it easier for individual fans to sell and distribute their patterns or projects on the internet.

Laneya Wiles released a music video entitled "Straight Hookin" which makes a play on the word "whore," which has a double meaning for "crochet" and "a whore."

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Materials

The basic ingredients needed for crochet are hook and some kind of material to be knitted, most often thread or yarn. Yarn, one of the most common materials used for knitting has a variety of weights to consider when following a pattern. Comfortable additional tools for storing computed sutures, measuring hooks, or making related accessories. Examples include pieces of cardboard, which can be used to make tassels, edges, and many other items; circle of pom-pom, used to make pom-pom; measuring tape and measuring gauge, both used to measure the work of the link and the counting of the seams; line counters; and sometimes plastic rings, which are used for special projects. In recent years, the choice of yarn has moved beyond synthetic fibers and plants and animals to include bamboo, qiviut, hemp, and banana stems, to name a few.

Crochet Hook

Crochet hooks are available in various sizes and materials, such as bone, bamboo, aluminum, plastic, and steel. Because the size is categorized based on the diameter of the hook, the crafter aims to create a suture of a certain size to reach a specific meter specified in a particular pattern. If the gauge is not achieved with one hook, the other is used until the stitches are made is the required size. Craftsmen may have a preference for one type of hook above another because of the aesthetic appeal, sliding thread, or hand disorders such as arthritis, where bamboo or wooden hooks are preferred over the metal for perceived warmth and flexibility when used. Ergonomic hook and handle hooks are also available to assist craftsmen.

Steel crochet hooks have sizes ranging from 0.4 to 3.5 millimeters, or from 00 to 16 in American size. These hooks are used for fine crochet work such as doilies and lace.

Aluminum, bamboo, and plastic crochet hooks are available from 2.5 to 19 millimeters in size, or from B to S in American size.

Artisan-made hooks are often made of movable wood, sometimes decorated with semi-precious stones or beads.

The knitting hooks used for Crochet crochet lengthen and have a stopper at the end of the handle, while the double crochet latch ends up having a hook at both ends of the handle. There is also a double tool called Cro-hook that has become popular.

Hairpin looms are often used to make lace and long stitches, known as lace hairpins. While this is not by itself a hook, it is a device used in conjunction with a knitted hook to produce stitches.

View: List of crochet hooks and standard knitting needles of the United States

Yarn

Yarn for crochet is usually sold as a ball or spindle (hanks), although it may also be wound on the spool or cone. Spindle and ball are generally sold with band yarn, labels depicting yarn weight, length, lots of dye, fiber content, washing instructions, suggested needle size, probability gauge, etc. It is common practice to store the yarn ribbon for future reference, especially if extra spindle should be purchased. Crocheters generally ensure that the yarn for the project comes from one lot of dye. Many dyes determine a group of spindles that are dyed together and thus have the exact same color; The spindles of many different dyes, although very similar in color, are usually slightly different and can produce visible lines when added to an existing job. If there are not enough threads from one lot of dye purchased to complete the project, additional spindles from the same dye lot can sometimes be obtained from other thread stores or online.

Thickness or weight of the yarn is an important factor in determining how many stitches and rows are required to cover a particular area for a given puncture pattern. This is also called a meter. Thick yarns generally require large diameter crochet hooks, whereas thinner threads can be knitted with thick or thin hooks. Therefore, thicker threads generally require less stitching, and therefore less time, to work on a given project. The suggested gauge for a given yarn ball can be found on the label that surrounds the spindle when purchasing at the store. Patterns and motifs are rougher with thicker threads and produce thicker visual effects, while thinner threads are best for fine or fine pattern work. Yarn by default is grouped by thickness into six categories: prime, smooth, light, medium, large and extraordinary. Quantitatively, the thickness is measured by the number of wraps per inch (WPI). The weight of per associated length unit is usually measured in tex or denier.

Before use, the coils are wrapped into spheres where the threads emerge from the center, making it easier to knit by preventing the yarn from becoming tangled. The winding process can be done by hand or done with a ballwinder and swift.

The usefulness of the yarn is assessed by several factors, such as loft (its ability to trap air), its resilience (elasticity under stress), flexibility and color speed, hand

Although crochet can be done with ribbon, metal wire or more exotic filaments, most of the yarn is made by spinning fiber. In spinning, the fibers are twisted so that the yarn holds the fracture under tension; rotation can be done in both directions, producing Z-twist or S-twist yarn. If the first fiber is aligned by combing it and the spinner uses the worst-type stretching method such as drawing the short drawing forward, the thread is smoother and is called worst ; on the contrary, if the fiber is carded but uncombed and the spinner uses a woolen tightening method such as the rear draw backward, the thread is softer and is called wool-spinning . The fibers that make up the yarn may be filamentous fibers such as silk and many synthetics, or they may be staples (fibers of average length, usually several inches); Natural filament fibers are sometimes cut into staples before spinning. The strength of the spun yarn against termination is determined by the number of coils, the length of the fiber and the thickness of the yarn. In general, the thread becomes stronger with more rounds (also called worst ), longer fibers and thicker yarns (more fibers); for example, thinner threads require more rotation than thick threads to withstand fractures under voltage. Thread thickness may vary along its length; a slub is a thicker part where many fibers are inserted into the thread.

Spun fibers are generally divided into animal fibers, plants and synthetic fibers. These types of fibers are chemically different, each corresponding to proteins, carbohydrates and synthetic polymers. Animal fibers include silk, but generally are long animal hairs like sheep (wool), goats (angora, or cashmere goats), rabbits (angora), llama, alpaca, dogs, cats, camels, yak, and muskox (qiviut). Plants used for fiber include cotton, hemp (for linen), bamboo, hemp, hemp, hemp, nettle, raffia, yucca, coconut husk, banana tree, soybean and corn. Rayon and acetate fibers are also produced from cellulose primarily derived from trees. Common synthetic fibers include acrylics, polyesters such as dacron and ingeo, nylon and other polyamides, and olefins such as polypropylene. Of this type, wool is generally preferred for crochet, mainly because of superior elasticity, warmth and (sometimes) felting; However, wool is generally less comfortable to clean and some people are allergic to it. It is also common to mix different fibers in the yarn, for example, alpaca 85% and 15% silk. Even in a fiber type, there can be great variations in fiber length and thickness; for example, Merino wool and Egyptian cotton are preferred because they produce very long, thin fibers for their kind.

Single spun yarn can crochet as it is, or braided or put together with others. In plying, two or more threads rotate together, almost always in the opposite sense from which they rotate individually; for example, two Z-twist threads are usually applied with S-twist. The opposite pull reduces several tendencies of the yarn to curl up and produce a thicker, balanced yarn. Flattened threads can be united, resulting in thread wires or multi-stranded threads . Sometimes, the feeding thread is fed at different rates, so one thread revolves around the other, as in bouclÃÆ'Â ©. Single threads can be dyed separately before plying, or cover to give uniform yarn look.

Yarn dyeing is a complicated art. Yarn need not be dyed; or they may be dyed one color, or various colors. Dyeing can be done industrially, by hand or even hand painted to the yarn. Various kinds of synthetic dyes have been developed since the synthesis of indigo dyes in the mid-19th century; however, natural dyes are also possible, although generally less brilliant. The yarn color scheme is sometimes called the colorway. Multitudinous threads can produce interesting visual effects, such as diagonal lines.

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Process

The knitted fabric begins by placing the knot nodes on the hook (though other methods, such as the magic ring or simple folding of the yarn can be used), pull another loop through the first loop, and repeat this process to create a chain with the appropriate length. The chain spins and works in rows, or joins the beginning of the line with a stitch slip and works in a round. Rounds can also be made by working on many stitches into a circle. Stitches are made by pulling one or more loops through each chain loop. At one point at the tip of the prick, there is only one circle left on the hook. Crochet Tunisia, however, pulls all loops for the entire line into a long hook before working it one by one. Like crochet, crochet can be either flat (back and forth in line) or around (in a spiral, like when making tubular pieces).

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Type of seam

There are five main types of basic stitches (the following description uses a US crochet terminology that is different from the terminology used in the UK and Europe).

1. Chain Stitch - the most basic stitch and used to start most projects.
2. Stitch slip - used to combine a chain plug to form a ring.
3. Single Crochet Stitch (called Double Crochet Stitch in the UK) - the easiest stitch to master Single Crochet Stitch Tutorial
4. Half Double Crochet Stitch (called Half Treble Stitch in the UK) - Crochet Half-Double Tutorials between "in between"
5. Double Crochet Stitch (called Treble Stitch in the UK) - many uses for seamless use of the St Crochet Stitch Tutorial

While the horizontal distance covered by these basic stitches is the same, they differ in height and thickness.

More advanced sutures are often a combination of these basic stitches, or made by inserting the hook into the workplace in an unusual location. More sophisticated stitches include Shell Stitch, V Stitch, Spike Stitch, Afghan Stitch, Butterfly Stitch, Popcorn Sewing, Cluster Sewing, and Crocodile Sewing.

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International crochet requirements and notes

In the world of English-speaking crochet, basic sutures have different names different in each country. The difference is usually referred to as UK/US or British/American. To help overcome confusion when reading patterns, system diagrams using standard international notation have started to be used (illustrations, left).

Other terminology differences are known as tension (English) and meter (US). Individual crocheters work yarns with loose or tight grip and, if not measurable, these differences can cause significant size changes in apparel that have the same amount of stitches. To control this inconsistency, the crochet instruction of the mold includes a standard for the number of stitches in the standard fabric. An individual crocheter starts work by making test samples and compensates for differences by changing to smaller or larger hooks. North Americans call this a measurer , referring to the end result of this adjustment; English crocheters speak of tension , which refers to the clasher's clutches on the thread while producing stitches.

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Differences from and equations for knitting

One of the more obvious differences is crochet using a hook while many knits use two needles. In most crochets, the craftsmen usually have only one live seam on the hook (with the exception being the Tunisian crochet), while the knitter keeps the whole line of stitches active simultaneously. Dropping stitches, which can decompose knitted fabrics, rarely interfere with crochet work, due to the second structural difference between knitting and crochet. In knitting, each puncture is supported by a corresponding puncture on the line above and it supports the corresponding puncture on the line below, while the crochet suture is supported only and supports stitches on both sides. If the stitches on the finished product are broken, the stitches above and below remain intact, and because of the complex repeatability of each stitch, the sutures on both sides will not escape unless very stressful.

Simple round or cylindrical patterns to be produced with ordinary knitting hooks, but cylindrical knitting requires a set of circular needles or three to five double-pointed needles. Many link items consist of individual motifs that are then put together, either by sewing or knitting, while knitting usually consists of one fabric, such as entrelac.

Free-form Crochet is a technique that can create attractive shapes in three dimensions because new stitches can be made independently of previous stitches almost anywhere on the hook section. This is generally achieved by building a structural form or element to the fabric of the hook in any place the crafters want.

Knitting can be done by machine, while many crochet stitches can only be made by hand. The height of the knitting and crocheting stitches is also different: single crochet sutures are twice the height of the knitting suture with the same yarn size and the comparable diameter tool, and the double crochet seam is approximately four times the height of the knitting suture.

While most crochets are made with hooks, there is also a knitting method with knitting looms. This is called loomchet. Stitch crochet slip is very similar to knitting. Each of the stitches of the stitching grips are formed in the same way as the knitting or purl sutures that are then tied together. Someone who works in knit stitch knits can follow knitting patterns with knits, purls, and wires, and get similar results.

It is a common perception that crochet produces a cloth that is thicker than knitted, tends to have less "giving" than knitted fabric, and uses about one-third more threads for comparable projects than knit goods. While this is true when comparing single crochet swatches with stockinette swatches, both made with the same thread size and needle/hook, it is not necessarily true for crochet in general. Most crochets use less than 1/3 more than knits for comparable pieces, and crocheters can get the same nuance and hang for knitting by using larger hooks or thinner threads. Crochet Tunisia and crochet slip stitch can in some cases use fewer threads than knit for equivalent pieces. According to a source claiming to have tested 1/3 more yarn statements, a single knick knife (sc) uses approximately the same number of threads as garter knitting sutures, but more threads than stikkinette stitch. Each stitch using yarnovers uses fewer threads than a single crochet to produce the same amount of fabric. Cluster sutures, which are actually some stitches working together, will use the longest.

Standard crochet stitches like sc and dc also produce thicker fabrics, more like knit garter stitch. This is part of why they use more threads. Stitch slips can produce cloths such as a thinner stockinette and therefore use fewer threads.

Any yarn may be knitted or crocheted, provided that a needle or hook with the correct size is used, but the nature of the cord should be taken into account. For example, thick and thick woolen threads tend to function better when knitted, which do not destroy the airy structure, while thin and very tight yarns help to achieve the strong texture needed to crochet Amigurumi.

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Charity

It was very common for people and groups to crochet other clothes and clothing and then donate them to soldiers during the war. People also knit clothes and then donated them to hospitals, to sick patients and also to newborns. Sometimes groups will crochet for certain charitable purposes, such as knitting for homeless shelters, nursing homes, etc. It is also becoming increasingly popular for crocheting hats (commonly referred to as "chemo hats") and donating them to cancer care centers, to those undergoing chemotherapy. During October the pink hats and scarves are made and proceeds donated to breast cancer funds. Some organizations are dedicated to using crochet as a way to help others including Knot of Love, Crochet for Cancer, and Soldiers' Angels. These organizations offer warm, useful items to people in need.

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Math and hyperbolic crochet

Crochet has been used to illustrate forms in hyperbola spaces that are difficult to reproduce using other media or are difficult to understand when viewed in two dimensions.

Mathematician Daina Taimina first used a crochet in 1997 to create a robust and durable hyperbola chamber model after finding a complicated and difficult paper model. These models allow one to rotate, fold, and otherwise manipulate space to better understand ideas such as how lines can appear curved in the hyperbole space but are actually straight. His work received an exhibition by the Institute For Figuring.

Examples in the nature of organisms that show hyperbolic structures include lettuce, sea slugs, flatworms and corals. Margaret Wertheim and Christine Wertheim of the Institute For Figuring created a coral reef travel installation using the Taimina method. Local artists are encouraged to create their own "satellite reefs" to be included alongside the original look.

Because hyperbolic and mathematical crochet continues to become more popular, there are several shows highlighting the work of various fiber artists. The two events include the Sant Ocean Hall at the Smithsonian in Washington D.C. and Sticks, Hooks, and Mobius: Knit and Crochet Go Cerebral at Lafayette College in Pennsylvania.

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Architecture

In Styles in technical art , Gottfried Semper sees textiles with great promise and historical precedents. In Section 53, he writes of a "stitch loop, or Noeud Coulant: a knot which, if not bound, causes the entire system to unravel." In the same section, Semper admits his ignorance of the crochet problem but strongly believes it is a high-value technique as a textile technique and perhaps something more.

There are a small number of architects interested in the subject of crochet related to architecture. The following publications, explorations and thesis projects can be used as resources to see how crochet is used in architectural capacity.

• Emergent Explorations: Analog and Digital Scripting - Alexander Worden
• Research and Design: Architectural variations - Lars Spuybroek
• YurtAlert - Kate Pokorny

Bomb yarn

In recent years, a practice called yarn bombing, or the use of knitted or hooked fabrics to modify and beautify the environment (usually outside), appears in the US and spreads throughout the world. The yarn bomber sometimes targets existing graffiti pieces to beautify. In 2010, the entity dubbed "Midnight Knitter" hit West Cape May. Residents awakened to find knitting cozies that embraced twigs of trees and marked the poles. In September 2015, Grace Brett was named "World's Oldest Hijacker". He is part of a group of threaded graffiti artists called Souter Stormers, who beautify their local town in Scotland. When he did not do the yarn bombing, he took advantage of his skills by making items for his children and grandchildren.

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See also

• Crochet Guild of America
• Lace industry in Narsapur, West Godavari

References

Additional readings

External links

• Weight Yarn Thread weight to crochet hook size guide
• Antique Pattern Library
• The Virtual Museum of Ancient Knitted Textile Art

Source of the article : Wikipedia