A gambeson (also acetone , jack pads or arming doublets ) is a soft defensive jacket, used as an armor separate, or combined with armor or plates. It is also duplicated as a winter coat for wearers. Gambesons are produced by sewing techniques called quilting. Usually made of linen or wool, the contents are varied, and could be for example used cloth or horse hair. During the 14th century, illustrations typically feature buttons or straps on the front.
An arming doublet (also called acetone ) worn under armor, especially the 15th and sixteenth-century European plate armor, contains arming spots for plating of plates. Examples of the 15th century may include goussets sewn to elbows and underarms to protect the wearer in a location that is not covered by plates. The German gothic arms that arm the doublets are generally shorter than Italian white armband doublets, which can extend into the upper thighs. By the end of the 15th century Italy was also a civilian mode. Men who are not knights wear double frills, probably because they show status and knighthood.
Video Gambeson
Etymology
The term gambeson is a loan from Old French gambeson , gambaison , originally wambais , formed after Middle High German term wambeis "doublet", in turn from the Old High German worm "belly" (a convergence with uterus ).
The term acetone , originally from the medieval French alcottonem , may be borrowed from the Arabic al-qutn "cotton (definite article - cotton). "
In medieval Norse, the garment was known as vÃÆ'¡pntreyja , literally "armor," or panzari/panzer . Treyja is a loan from the German Low (Low). Panzari/panzer may also be borrowed from (Middle) Low German, although the word probably comes from Italian, and is associated with Latin pantex 'abdomen.'
Also known as: Acetone, acton, arming coat, auqueton, gambeson, hacketon, haqueton, panzari/panzer (means armor), va¡pntreyja ("Vapn" means VÃÆ'  ¥ pen-weapon "trÃÆ'¸ye" means " "in Norway), wambais, wambesium, wambuis or wambs.
Maps Gambeson
History
Leather-covered open jackets and trousers worn by Scythian riders before the 4th century BC, as can be seen in Scythian gold ornaments made by Greek goldsmiths. European explorations can be traced at least to the end of the 10th century, but may have been used in various forms longer than that. In Europe, its use became widespread in the 13th century, and culminated in the 14th and 15th centuries.
The gambeson is used both as a complete armor of its own and under letters and plates to protect the body and prevent blisters. It is very isolated and uncomfortable, but its protection is very important to the soldiers.
Although they are considered to have been used in Europe long before, gambesons underwent a revolution from their first proven use in the late 12th and early 12th centuries as armor items that only facilitated the use of letters for independent independent armor items among them. infantry. Though armored armor survived into the British Civil War in England as a layer of skin of the poor, and as the stuff to be worn under some of the clothes of the rest of the plate was full, it was increasingly replaced by 'buff coat' - leather jackets from rough suede.
There are two distinctive gambeson designs; which is designed to be worn under other armor, and which is designed to be worn as an independent armor. The latter tend to be thicker and taller in the collar, and confronted with other materials, such as leather, or thick canvas. This variant is usually referred to as a jacked jack and is made of several (some say about 18, some even 30) layers of cotton, linen or wool. This jack is known for stopping even heavy arrows and its layered designs have striking resemblances to modern body armor, replaced on the first silk, ballistic nylon and then Kevlar as fabric.
For ordinary soldiers unable to afford armor or plates, gambeson, combined with helmets as the only additional protection, remained a common sight on European battlefields throughout the Middle Ages, and its decline - parallel to plate armor - only came with the Renaissance, because the use of firearms became more widespread, until the 18th century was no longer used in the military.
While the use of linen has been demonstrated in archaeological evidence, the use of cotton - and canvas - based cotton - is debated because access to a large number of cotton fabrics is not widely available in Northern Europe at present. It is quite possible that Egypt (and Asia Minor in general) still produced cotton well after the seventh and eighth centuries and the knowledge (and examples) of this fabric was brought to Europe by the returning Crusaders. However, logistics and spending to equip militia or city armies with a large number of cotton-based garments is in doubt, when linen-based textile (linen) is widely used.
See also
- Doublet (a.k.a pourpoint )
- Mantel Buff
References
External links
- "Armor Functions in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Europe". Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- How one should be armed easily when he will struggle on foot translate the mid-15th century treatise on armor, translated into modern English and accompanied by pictorial reference.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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