The pronunciation of tent Ã, Ã, is a shelter consisting of a sheet of cloth or other material that covers, frame pole or attached to supporting rope. While smaller tents may be standing freely or attached to the ground, large tents usually anchored using the rope of a person tied to a stake or a tent peg. First used as a portable home by nomads, tents are now more commonly used for recreational camping and as temporary shelters.
They are also used by Native American and Canadian Aborigines from the Indian Plains, called teepee or tipi, known for their cone shapes and peak smoke holes, since ancient times, which are thought to range from 10,000 years BC to 4,000 BC.
The size of tents varies from "bivouac" structures, large enough for one person to sleep, to a large circus tent that can accommodate thousands of people. Most of this article deals with tents used for recreational camping that have bedrooms for one to ten people. Larger tents are discussed in a separate section below.
Tents for recreational camping fall into two categories. The tent intended to be carried by the backpacker is the smallest and lightest type. Small tents may be light enough to carry for long-distance travel on a bike tour, boat, or backpacking.
The second type is a larger and heavy tent that is usually carried in a car or other vehicle. Depending on the size of the tent and the experience of the person or person involved, such a tent can usually be assembled between 5 and 25 minutes; dismantling (striking) takes the same time. Some very special tents have spring-loaded poles and can be 'fitted' in seconds, but take longer to 'attack' (picking and packing).
Video Tent
History
Tents are used at least as far back as the Iron Age. They are mentioned in the Bible; for example, in Genesis 4:20 Jabal is described as "the first to dwell in the tabernacle and keep the sheep and goats." Roman soldiers used leather tents, copies have been successfully used by modern re-enactors. Various styles evolve over time, some coming from traditional nomadic tents, such as yurts.
Most military tents throughout history are simple ridge designs. The main technological advances are the use of linen or canvas flax for canopy versus skin for the Romans. The main use of tents still provides portable shelters for a small number of men in the field.
In World War I, larger designs were being placed in the back areas to provide shelter for supporting activities and supplies.
Maps Tent
Use
Tents are used as a residence by nomads, recreational campers, soldiers, and disaster victims. Tents are also commonly used as shelter above for festivals, weddings, backyard parties, big corporate events, excavations (construction) covers, and industrial shelters.
Traditional
Tents have traditionally been used by nomadic people around the world, such as Native Americans, Mongolians, Turks and Tibetans, and Bedouins.
Military
Soldiers around the world have long used tents as part of their working lives. Tents are preferred by the military because of their relatively fast arrangements and travel times, compared to more traditional shelters. One of the largest marquee users in the world is the US Department of Defense. The US Department of Defense has strict rules about the quality of tents and tent specifications. The most common use of tents for the military are temporary barracks (beds), DFAC (dining), Field headquarters, Moral, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints. One of the most popular military designs currently employed by the US is the TEMPER Tent. TEMPER is an acronym for Tent Expandable Modular PERsonnel. The US military began using a more modern tent called the rapid assembly shelter or DRASH. This is a tent that can be folded with provisions for air conditioning and heating.
Recreation
Camping is a popular form of recreation that often involves the use of tents. A tent is economical and practical because of its portability and low environmental impact. This quality is needed when used in the desert or inland.
Emergency
Tents are often used in humanitarian emergencies, such as wars, earthquakes, and fires. The main choice of tents in humanitarian emergencies is a canvas tent, because canvas cotton tents allow functional breathability while serving the purpose of temporary shelter. Tents distributed by organizations such as UNHCR are made by various producers, depending on the area in which the tent is deployed, as well as depending on the destination.
But sometimes this temporary shelter becomes a permanent or semi-permanent home, especially for displaced people living in refugee camps or slum towns that can not return to their former homes and no replacement homes are available.
Protest movement
Tents are also often used as sites and symbols of protest from time to time. In 1968, the Awakening City witnessed hundreds of tents set up by anti-poverty activists in Washington DC In the 1970s and 1980s, anti-nuclear peace camps were scattered throughout Europe and North America, with women-only camps which is now established at Greenham Common. United States RAF base in Newbury, England to protest cruise missiles during the Cold War. The 1990s saw environmental protest camps as part of a campaign for Clayoquot Sound in Canada and street protests in Britain. The first No Border Network Camp was held in Strasbourg in 2002, becoming the first in a series of international camps to hold today. Other international camps in 2000 included counter-mobilization summits such as Horizone at the Gleneagles G8 meeting in 2005 and the start of the Climate Action Camp in 2006. Since September 2011, tents have been used as a symbol of the Occupy movement, an international protest movement that primarily directed at economic and social injustices. Demonstrators who occupy shelters use tents to create camps in public places where they can form open discussion communities and democratic action.
General considerations
Tent fabrics can be made of many materials including cotton (canvas), nylon, felt and polyester. Cotton absorbs water, so it can get very heavy when wet, but the associated swelling tends to block every small hole so that the wet cotton is more waterproof than dry cotton. Cotton tents are often treated with paraffin to improve water resistance. Nylon and polyester are much lighter than cotton and do not absorb much water; with their corresponding coatings can be very waterproof, but they tend to deteriorate over time due to the slow chemical damage caused by ultraviolet light. The most common treatment for making waterproof fabrics is the impregnation of silicone or polyurethane layers. Because the sutures make small holes in the fabric layer are often sealed or affixed to block these holes and keep waterproof, although in practice the carefully sewn sewings can be waterproof.
Rain resistance is measured and expressed as a hydrostatic head in millimeters (mm). This shows the water pressure required to penetrate the fabric. Heavy or wind-driven rain has higher pressure than light rain. Standing on the groundsheet increases the pressure on the water underneath. Cloths with a rating of 1000 mm or less of the best hydrostatic head are considered resistant to the bath, with 1500 mm usually suitable for summer camping. Tents for year-round use generally have at least 2000 mm; tent expeditions intended for extreme conditions are often rated at 3000 mm. If quoted, the groundsheets can be rated 5,000 mm or more.
Many tent manufacturers show capacity with phrases like "3 places" or "2 people". These figures show how many people the manufacturer can use tents, although these numbers are not always possible for personal items, such as luggage, inflatable mattresses, camp beds, cots, etc., it is also not always possible for people to use, people are above average. Checking the size of the sleeping area shows that some manufacturers consider that the width of 150 cm (4.9 feet) is enough for three people - comfortable is the operative word. Experience shows that camping may be more convenient if the actual number of occupants is one or even two less than the manufacturer's suggestions, although different manufacturers have different standards for space requirements and no standards are accepted.
Tents used in areas with biting insects often have ventilation holes and their doors are covered with fine webs.
Tents can be improvised using waterproof fabrics, ropes, and sticks.
List of traditional types
- The bell tent
- Dome Tent
- Fly
- Kohte
- Lavvu, Sami's tent
- Loue
- Nomadic tents
- Pandal
- Sibley tent
- Tarpaulin tents
- Tipi
- Tupiq
- Wall Tent
- Wigwam
- Yurt
Section
There are three basic configuration tents, each of which can come with many variations:
Single skin (US: single wall) : Only one layer of waterproof fabric is used, consisting of at least roof and wall. To minimize condensation on the inside of the tent, some expedition tents use waterproof/breathable fabrics.
Single leather with flysheet : Waterproof or rainwater shears are suspended and removed from the roof of the tent; often cover the tent roof a little, but not extend the sides or tip of the tent.
Double skin (US: double wall) : The outer tent is an impermeable layer that extends down to the ground. One or more 'deep tents' provide sleeping areas. The outside tent may be just a bit larger than the inner tent, or it may be much larger and provide a separate living room separate from the sleeping area (s). The inner tent is not waterproof, but allows water vapor to pass through so that condensation occurs only on the outer side. The double layer can also provide some thermal insulation. Either the outer or inner skin may be a structural component, carrying a pole; structural skin is always pitched first, although some tents are built with the outside and inside so that both are pitched at the same time.
Shelter is usually not used for sleeping. Instead they can act as shops or provide shelter from the sun, rain, or dew.
- A fly (or flysheet) consists of a single rectangular material sheet. Two opposite sides are supported in the middle by the poles, or sometimes just ropes between trees conveniently placed. The polar peaks are attached through the male ropes to the pegs, to keep the pole upright. Additional male straps are attached to the lower edge to pull them out of the poles.
- A gazebo uses a frame of metal poles to support the roof. This structure provides more usable space than the flysheet, because the sloping roof allows for a sufficient amount of headroom even at the edges (like a frame tent). Since the gazebo is free-standing, it is often used as a shelter for temporary shops in fair markets or streets.
- Beach tents are often a simplified form of dome tent and provide a useful (relatively sand free) place to store temporary beach equipment, but at least rainproof. Some beach tents use specially treated fabrics that do not penetrate ultra-violet light, and therefore provide protection against sunburn. The maximum height is usually about 120 cm (3.9 feet), and is usually not large enough for an adult to lie down.
- The tent fisherman is also a modified dome tent, often by projecting tents high enough to sit under, but sometimes without a lockable door.
Modern style
With modern materials, tent manufacturers have great freedom for different types and styles and forms of tents.
- The poles effectively hold the tent in the required form.
- The demolished pole for easy transportation is color-coded or linked to chains or cables, so there is little doubt about which poles are connected.
- Fewer people straps needed (sometimes none).
- The exact position of every male rope does not really matter.
Rigid pole
Many tents that use rigid steel poles stand freely and do not require male ropes, although they may require a peg around the bottom edge of the fabric. These tents are usually very heavy (25 to 80 kg) so it takes a rather strong wind to blow it up.
- Frame tent is a double-leather tent. They have a living room and one or more cotton/nylon/polyester inside the tent. The outer tent is encased in a free-standing steel frame, and can be made of canvas or polyester (the latter often has a 3000 mm hydrostatic head, ie three camping seasons). The living room is generally at least as spacious as the bedroom, and there may be a certain section with windows and additional air vents for use as a kitchen. The walls are almost vertical and usually around 150 to 180 cm (4.9 to 5.9 ft) tall. The center of the sloping roof is often 210 cm (6.9 feet) high or more and provides reasonable headroom throughout. The smaller 2-person model is less than 3 meters square (10 feet), but this has largely been replaced with a dome or tunnel awning. The larger 8-person model can exceed 5 meters (16 feet) in length and/or width.
- Cabin tents are single leather tents used primarily in the United States. They often have nylon walls, polyester roofs, and polyethylene floors, plus tents on one or both ends. With a hydrostatic head only 1000 mm, they can be considered a summer tent. The removable internal divider allows the cabin to be split into 'space'. Sizes can range from 13Ã, ft to 8Ã, · ft (2 rooms) up to 25,, ft with 10,, ft (4 rooms), with wall and roof elevation similar to frame tents. There are three separate polar units, with each unit consisting of two uprights and a connecting ridge. This polar unit supports the center and the tip of the roof, and usually outside the tent. Tents
- Pop Up are also known as pop-up tents. Very easy to use and carry. Perfect for professional campers who want to spend the smallest time in throwing camp.
- Walls tents are the largest and most accommodative canvas tents available. They are very popular with hunters and camping in the interior. The tents on the walls provide plenty of room space, as well as more than enough headroom that allows people to move freely inside the tent without squatting or bending over. This type of arrangement is great for those who spend a lot of time in their tents, as well as for those who need extra space for cots, tables, stoves, etc. Also known as tents that sell apparel. Spike tents are smaller and lighter than wall tents making it easier to pack and lighter to transport, they are a good choice if weight is a major concern for you and if you do not have many people sleeping in one tent. Frame tent Spike varies in size and style but is almost always lighter than a wall tent frame. Also known as wigwam tents.
- The range tent is similar to a spike tent in shape and size, except the span tent usually has no side walls at all. They resemble the shape of a pyramid and are often referred to as pyramid tents. Range Tents can be arranged with a bi-pole system that runs outside the tent, or they can be arranged using a single frame mast in the center of the tent on the inside, and they can also be set by tying the top of the tent to a suspended tree branch. Also known as teepee tent.
Flexible pole
The support of the inflatable pole, also known as airbeam, serves as a rigid structural support when pumped but soft and supple when deflated. Tents that use such technology are not commonly used or widely accepted and available from a very limited number of suppliers.
Just like bicycle and tire tires, airbeam often consists of a layer of highly stable dimensional fabric (ie without stretching) and an inner bag that holds the air. However, other airbeam constructions consist of laminated fabrics that are cut and produced according to the desired shape by methods such as thermal welding. Depending on the size of the desired tent, the airbeam can be anywhere from a 2-40 inch diameter, increasing to different pressures. High pressure airbeams (40-80 psi) filled by the compressor are most commonly used in larger shelters, whereas low pressure beams (5-7 psi) are preferred for recreational use. The relatively low pressure allows the use of manual pumps to inflate the airbeam to the desired level. Airbeams have unique qualities of bending, not broken, when overloaded. Tents that use structured inflatable airbeams are almost identical to those using flexible poles. Dome tents using airbeam blowing support are available in various sizes ranging from lightweight 2-person to more than 6 shelters, and are almost identical to the flexible arrangement of pole-backed dome tents. The beams are usually integrated into the shell of the tent so they do not have to be re-inserted every time a setting occurs. Airbeam can be found inside or outside the skin of the tent. Similar to construction-backed poles, the airbeam is supported free-standing dome tents but must be at stake with pegs and the guyout line to improve stability and strength.
Older tent style
Most of these tent styles are no longer publicly available. Most of this is a single leather design, with optional fly sheets for a ridge tent.
All the tents listed here have canvas fabrics and most use large male ropes (8 to 18). People should be positioned and tightened properly enough to put the tent properly, so some training and experience is needed. Pup Tents may use wooden or metal poles, but all other styles mentioned here use wooden poles.
- The tent pup is a small version of a ridge tent aimed at 1 to 3 people. It usually has rectangular floor sizes ranging from 4 feet by 6 feet to 6 feet by 8 feet, and hill elevations ranging from 3 feet to 5 feet. Larger versions have side walls, usually about 1 foot tall. There's a man's rope for every pole. Versions with sides add people in every corner and in the center of each side. This man's rope helps to maintain the required shape. Previous versions have one pole upright at each end, while newer versions often have two poles at each end, arranged somewhat like the shape of 'A', for easy access. Some models have a horizontal ridge pivot that connects the pole end of the tip to support the center of the tent. Many soldiers took out dog tents as a protection section, with each army carrying half a tent in its field equipment, so two soldiers could together set up tents and distribute them.
- Tent ridge or wall tent can sleep 5 to 8 people or more. They usually have rectangular floor sizes ranging from 8 feet by 10 feet to 16 feet by 20 feet, and a hill height of about 6 feet to 9 feet. The side wall is usually about 3 feet high. They usually have one pole upright at each end with the top joining the horizontal ridge pole. Longer models may have an additional upright post in the middle to help support the ridge. They often have two male ropes in every corner, and the guy rope every 2Ã, ft along the sides. If high winds are expected then two extra storm straps attach to the top of each pole. Tent Ridge is often used by hunters and outfitters as they will accommodate several people, their equipment and related equipment. Many can be equipped with wood stoves for heating and cooking. There are several manufacturers in the US and Canada that make wall tents with foot prints over 220 square feet. Canvas wall tents can be treated for water, mold and flame retardation.
- Square-square tents are often used for family camping in the first half of the 20th century. Despite using 9 poles and 12 male ropes, such tents can be paired by a four-person (experienced) family in about 10 to 15 minutes. These tents have square floor sizes ranging from 8 to 8 feet to 15 by 15 feet. There are poles about 5 feet high in every corner and in the center of each side, and 10 feet or 12 feet in the middle. - The walls are vertical and the roof is pyramid-shaped, so there is plenty of headroom above most of the tent.
- A Sibley tent (bell tent) has a circular floor plan of about 10 feet to 15 feet, a central pole about 10 feet high, and a 3 feet high wall. Guy's rope is connected every 2 feet around the top of the wall - it should be tightened carefully to hold the upright pole and keep the tent in shape.
Marquees and larger tents
The design of the tents has influenced many large modern buildings. These buildings in turn affect the design of the next generation of tents. The tent-style pull structure is used to cover large public areas such as entertainment venues, arenas and retail areas (eg: O 2 ) or sports stadiums (eg: Munich Olympic Stadium) and airports (eg: Denver International Airport ). Sami's parliament in Norway was inspired by lavvu, a tent traditionally used by the Sami people.
See also
- Camping hammock
- List of human shapes
- The rise of the tent
References
External links
- Camping the tent here in Russia here
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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