Trousers (English English) or pants (American English) are Asian clothing items, worn from the waist to ankles, cover both legs separately (not by cloth stretched across both legs like in robes, skirts, and dresses).
In the UK, the word
The oldest known pants are found at Yanghai burial in Turpan, Xinjiang, western China, dated between the 13th and 10th century BC. Made of wool, his trousers have straight legs and broad groin, and possibly made for horseback riding.
In most of Europe, trousers have been used since ancient times and during the Middle Ages, the most common form of lower body clothes for adult men in the modern world, though shorts are also widely worn, and other skirts and clothing may be worn. used in various regions and cultures. The breech is worn instead of trousers in early modern Europe by some men in a higher class of society. Since the mid-20th century, trousers are increasingly worn by women as well.
Jeans, made of denim, are a form of casual trousers, originally from India, now widely used throughout the world by both sexes. Shorts are often preferred in hot weather or for some sports and also often by children and adolescents. Trousers worn on the hips or waist and can be held by their own buttons, belts or suspenders (braces).
Video Trousers
Terminology
In Scotland, trousers are sometimes known as trews , which is the root word "historic long pants". Trousers are also known as breeks in Scottish, a word related to underwear . Clothing items worn under trousers are pants. The standard form of 'trousers' is also used, but is sometimes pronounced in the manner represented by "tru: z? Rz", possibly a Gaelic truis decadence from which the English word originated.
In North America, Australia, South Africa and Northern England trousers are common category terms, while trousers (sometimes trousers in Australia and United States) often refers more specifically to clothing adapted to belts, belts, and fly-fronts. So an informal elastic waist knitwear will be called a pant, but not a pair of pants.
North Americans call in underwear panties pants , underwear , jockey shorts , pants short , long johns or underwear (the latter is a special lady's outfit) to distinguish them from other pants worn outside. The term
In Australia, men's underwear also has various informal terms including under-dacks , underwear , dacks or athletes . In New Zealand men's underwear is known as "underwear", or "y-front".
Different people in the fashion industry use the word trousers or pants instead of trousers or pants . This is a non-standard use. The words "trousers" and "pants" are tural pluralia , common nouns appearing only in plurals - like the words "scissors" and "tongs". However, a single form is used in several compound words, such as
pants, pants and underwears .
Jeans are trousers that are usually made of denim or dungaree fabric. Tight tight leggings are usually referred to as tights.
Maps Trousers
History
Prehistoric
There is some evidence, of figurative art, of trousers worn at Upper Paleolithic, as seen on the statues found on the sites of Siberian Malta and Buret '. The oldest known trousers found in Yanghai cemetery, taken from a mummy in Turpan, Xinjiang, western China, belonged to the people of East Iran in the Tarim Valley; dates for periods between the 13th and 10th centuries BC and made of wool, trousers have straight legs and broad groin, and are likely made for horseback riding.
Antiquity
Trousers entered history recorded in the 6th century BC, in stone carvings and Persepolis works, and with the appearance of a horse-riding Eurasian racer in Greek ethnography. At present, the Iranian People like Scythians, Sarmatians, Sogdians and Bactrians, among others, along with Armenians and East and Central Asians like Xiongnu and Hunnu, are known to have trousers. Trousers are believed to have been used by both sexes among these early users.
The ancient Greeks used the term "??????????" ( anaxyrides ) for trousers worn by Eastern countries and "????????" ( sarabara ) for loose trousers worn by Scythians. However, they do not wear trousers because they think it is silly, using the word "???????" ( thulakoi ), pl. from "???????" ( thulakos ), "sacks", as slang terms for Persian and other Middle Eastern loose pants.
The Roman Republic sees the garments wrapped in Greek culture and Minoan (Crete) as a symbol of civilization and dismisses trousers as a sign of a barbarian. When the Empire expanded beyond the Mediterranean basin, however, the greater warmth provided by trousers led to their adoption. Two types of pants are eventually used extensively in Rome: Feminalia , which fits and usually falls to the knee or mid-calf length, and Braccae , the loose-fitting trousers covered in the ankle. Both of these outfits were adopted from Celtic Europe, although later familiarity with the Near East of Persia and Teuton increased acceptance. Feminalia and Braccae both began to be used as military clothing, spreading to civilian clothing later, and eventually made in various materials including leather, wool, cotton and silk.
Medieval Europe
Pants of various designs worn throughout the Middle Ages in Europe, especially by men. The loose trousers worn in Byzantium under a long tunic, and worn by many tribes, such as the German tribes who migrated to the Western Roman Empire in the End of the Ancient and Early Middle Ages, as evidenced by these two artistic sources and such relics. 4th century costume recovered from Thorsberg peat swamp (see illustration). Pants in this period, commonly called brais , vary in length and are often covered in cuffs or even cover the foot cover, although open-legged pants are also visible.
In the 8th century there was evidence wearing in Europe of two layers of trousers, especially among upper class men. The lower layer is currently referred to by the costume historian as a "drawer", although the use did not appear until the end of the 16th century. On top of the drawer was a pair of wool or linen trousers, which in the 10th century began to be called panties in many places. Tight fitting and long legs vary by period, grade, and geography. (Open-legged trousers can be seen on the Norman army from the Bayeux Tapestry.)
Although Charlemagne (742-814) is noted to have commonly worn pants, wearing a Byzantine tunic only for ceremonial occasions, the influence of Roman past and Byzantine examples led to the increasing use of long tunics by men, concealing most of the trousers from the look and finally give them underwear for many people. As underwear, these trousers become shorter or longer because the lengths of the various medieval outfits change, and are filled by, and usually attached to, other clothing called hoses or stockings.
In the 14th century it became common amongst people of the noble class and knights to connect the hose directly to their pour point (a soft jacket worn with a steel-coated chest cover that would later develop into a doublet) rather than into their drawer. In the fifteenth century, the rising border led to a shorter drawer until everything was shared by the most fashionable elite who joined their skin-like back tube back into the pants. These trousers, which we now call tight pants but still called hoses or occasionally spliced ​​at that interval, appeared at the end of the 15th century and striking by their open crotch covered by an independently firmed, codpiece front panel. Exposure to hoses to the waist is consistent with the trend of the 15th century, which also carries pourpoint/doublet and shirts, previous underwear, into view, but the most revealing of this mode has only ever been adopted in court and not by the general population.
The men's clothes in Hungary in the fifteenth century consisted of shirts and trousers as an undergarment, and a dolman was worn on it, as well as a feathery short fleece or fur coat. Hungarians generally wear simple trousers, just unusual colors; dolman covers most of his trousers.
Europe before 1900
Around the turn of the 16th century it became conventional to separate the tube into two halves, one from the waist to the crotch tightened around the top of the foot, called the stem hose, and the other walking underneath to the foot. The luggage hose immediately reaches the thighs to bind under the knee and is now commonly called "pants" to distinguish them from under-the-leg coverings that are still called hose or sometimes stockings . At the end of the 16th century, the codpiece has also been incorporated into pants that feature a fly opening or a front fall.
As a modernization step, Tsar Peter the Great of Russia issued a decree in 1701 that ordered every Russian man, in addition to pastors and peasants, to wear trousers.
During the French Revolution of 1789 and thereafter, French men adopted a working-class costume including ankle trousers, or pantaloons (named from the Commedia dell'Arte character named Pantalone ) replacing aristocratic knees ( kulot ). (Compare sans-culottes .) The revolutionary new garment differs from the class of the upper class ancien regime in three ways:
- it's loose where the style for the pants has been fitting recently
- it is the length of the ankle where the pants generally have knee lengths for more than two centuries
- they open at the bottom while the breech is tied
Pantalon became fashion early in the 19th century in England and the District era. This style was introduced by Beau Brummell (1778-1840) and by mid-century had replaced the pants as fashionable street clothes. At this point, even knee-length pants adopt the bottom of the pants (see shorts) and worn by young boys, for sports, and in tropical climates. Breeches survived well into the 20th century as a court dress, as well as in a loose mid-calf (or three quarter) version known as a plus-four or trousers worn for active sports and by schoolchildren. This type of pants is still worn today by baseball and American football players.
Sailors may play a role in the spread of trousers around the world as a fashion. In the 17th and 18th centuries, sailors wore loose trousers known as galligaskins. Sailors also pioneered the use of jeans - trousers made of denim. It became more popular in the late 19th century in West America because of their ruggedness and endurance.
Beginning around the mid-19th century, Wigan's wandering girls scandalized Victorian society by wearing trousers for their work at a local coal mine. They wore skirts over their trousers and rolled them to their waists so as not to get in their way. Although pit-eyebrow lasses work on the ground in the pit-head, their task of sorting and shoveling coal involves rough work, so wearing the usual long skirt at that time will severely hamper their movement.
Korean Medieval
The Korean word for trousers, wedge originally appeared in recorded history around the turn of the 15th century, but pants may have been used by Korean society for some time. From at least this time pants are worn by both sexes in Korea. Men wear long pants either as an outer garment or under a skirt, while it's not unusual for adult women to wear their pants (called sokgot ) without a cover skirt. As in Europe, different styles come to determine the region, time period and age and gender groups, from striped gouei to padded stag. . Women wearing trousers
See also the "Legal" section below in this article.
In Western society, it was the Eastern culture that inspired the French designer Paul Poiret (1879-1944) to be one of the first to design pants for women. In 1913, Poiret created loose waist-length trousers for women called harem pants, which were based on Sheherazade's popular opera costume. Written by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1888, Sheherazade is based on a collection of legends from the Middle East called the Arabian 1001 Nights.
At the beginning of the 20th century female air pilots and other female workers often wore trousers. Photographs often taken from the 1930s actress Marlene Dietrich and Katharine Hepburn in trousers helped make long pants accepted by women. During World War II, women working in factories and performing other "men's work" forms in the war service wore trousers when the work demanded them. In the postwar era, trousers became acceptable casual attire for gardening, beaches, and other leisure activities. Furthermore, in Britain during World War II, due to rationing of clothing, many women who wore their husbands 'husbands' clothing, including their pants, to work while their husbands away from home served in the armed forces. This is partly because they are seen as a practical work clothing and partly to allow women to keep their clothing allowances for other uses. Because the practice of wearing trousers is widespread and when men's clothing starts to break, replacement is required. In the summer of 1944, it was reported that the sale of women's trousers was five times more than that of the previous year.
In 1919, Luisa Capetillo challenged mainstream society by becoming the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers in public. Capetillo was sent to jail for being considered a criminal offense, but the judge later revoked the suit against him.
In the 1960s, AndrÃÆ'Â © CourrÃÆ'¨ges introduced trousers for women as a fashion item, leading to an era of designer trousers and jeans and the gradual erosion of social prohibitions against girls and women wearing trousers in schools, workplaces and fine. restaurant.
In 1969, Rep. Charlotte Reid (R-Ill.) Became the first woman to wear trousers in the US Congress.
Pat Nixon is the first American First Lady to wear trousers in public.
In 1989, California state senator Rebecca Morgan became the first woman to wear trousers in the US state senate.
Hillary Clinton was the first woman to wear trousers in an official portrait of First Lady America.
In Rome in 1992, a 45-year-old driving instructor was accused of rape. When he took an 18-year-old girl for his first driving lesson, he allegedly raped her for an hour, then told him that if he told anyone he would kill him. Later that night he told his parents and his parents agreed to help the press. While the alleged rapist was sentenced and sentenced, the Italian Supreme Court overturned the sentence in 1998 because the victim was wearing tight jeans. It is said that he must always have to help his assailant take off his jeans, thus making consensual action ("because the victim is wearing very tight jeans, he must help her remove it... and by removing the jeans... it is no longer rape but consensual sex"). The Supreme Court of Italy declared in its decision "it is a fact of common experience that it is almost impossible to take off tight jeans even partially without the active collaboration of the person who wears them." This ruling sparked widespread feminist protests. A day after the ruling, women in the Italian Parliament protested wearing jeans and holding banners reading "Jeans: An Alibi for Rape." As a sign of support, the Senate and the California Assembly follow. Soon Patricia Giggans, Executive Director of the Los Angeles Commission on the Attacks on Women (now Violent of Violence) made Denim Day an annual event. In 2011 at least 20 US states officially recognize Denim Day in April. Wearing jeans today has become a symbol of international protests. In 2008, the Supreme Court of Italy has canceled their findings, and no more "denim" defense for rape allegations.
Women were not allowed to wear trousers on the floor of the US Senate until 1993. In 1993, Senators Barbara Mikulski and Carol Moseley Braun wore trousers to the floor for breaking the rules, and female support staff soon followed, with the rules changed later. that year by Senate Sergeant-in-Arms Martha Pope to allow women to wear trousers on the floor as long as they also wear jackets.
In Malawi, women were not legally allowed to wear trousers under the authority of Kamuzu Banda until 1994. The law was introduced in 1965.
Since 2004, the International Skating Union has allowed women to wear trousers instead of skirts in the competition.
In 2009, journalist Lubna Hussein was fined the equivalent of $ 200 when the court found him guilty of violating Sudanese law of decency by wearing trousers.
In 2012 Canadian Royal Police Mounting began allowing women to wear trousers and boots in their official uniforms.
In 2012 and 2013, several Mormon women participate in "Wear Pants to Church Day", where they wear trousers to church instead of traditional clothes to encourage gender equality in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. More than a thousand women participate in this year 2012.
In 2013, the Turkish parliament ended the ban on female parliamentarians wearing trousers in his council.
Also in 2013, an old regulation requiring women in Paris, France to seek permission from the city authorities before "dressing like a man", including wearing trousers (with the exception of "holding a bicycle handlebars or horse control") is officially revoked by French Minister of Women's Rights, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem. The law was originally intended to prevent women from wearing fashionable pantaloons with Parisian rebels in the French Revolution.
In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objected to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing him to wear sari with the cruelty inflicted by her husband and could be the reason for seeking a divorce. Therefore, the wife is given a divorce on the basis of cruelty as defined in section 27 (1) (d) of the Special Marriage Act, 1954.
Until 2016 some female crew members at British Airways were asked to wear British Airways "ambassador" uniforms, which did not traditionally include trousers.
In 2017, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints announces that female servants may wear "professional trousers and long dresses" at work; previous dresses and skirts have been required.
Parts of trousers
Fold
The crease just below the belt on the front symbolizes many styles of casual and casual pants, including trousers and khaki pants. There may be one, two, three, or no folds, which may be facing in any direction. When the folds open toward the pocket, they are called reverse creases (typical of most of today's pants) and when exposed to flies, they are known as folds of the face.
Cuff
The pants maker can finish the legs by piercing the bottom to prevent fraying. Pants with turn-up (cufflinks in American English), after hemming, are rolled out and sometimes pressed or stitched in place.
Fly
The fly is a cover over the opening opening that conceals a mechanism, such as a zipper, velcro or button, which is used to join the opening. In trousers, this is most often an opening that covers the crotch, which makes the pants easier to wear or remove. The opening also allows men to urinate without lowering their pants.
Pants have historically varied whether they have flies or not. Initially, the hose did not cover the area between the legs. It is not covered by doublet or by codpiece. When the breech is imposed, during the Regency period for example, they fall-fronted (or fall broad). Then, after the trousers (pantaloons) are found, the front-fly (falling split) appears. The front paneled back as a sports option, as in shorts, but now almost never used, flies are by far the most common binders. Most flies are now using zippers, though button pants are still available.
Trouser Support
Currently, most trousers are carried by a belt that is passed through a belt bucket on the waistband of a pair of trousers. However, this is traditionally style acceptable only for casual trousers and trousers; suit trousers and slacks are officially suspended by the use of braces ( suspenders in American English) attached to buttons located on the inside or outside of the waist. Today, this remains the preferred method of trousers support amongst adoring English classics adherents. Many men claim this method is more effective and more convenient because it does not require waist cinching or regular adjustments.
Society
In modern Western society, men usually wear trousers instead of skirts or dresses. But there are exceptions, such as the Scottish ceremonial skirt and Greek fustanella, as well as robes or clothing such as robes like the robes of priests and academic robes, both rarely used today in everyday use. (See also Men's skirt.)
Based on Deuteronomy 225 in the Bible ("Women will not wear what is associated with men"), some groups, including Amish, Hutterites, Mennonites, some Baptists, some Church of Christ groups, and most Orthodox Jews, believe women should not wear trousers, but only skirts and dresses. These groups allow women to wear trousers as long as they are hidden. In contrast, many Muslim sects approve pants because they are considered to be simpler than a skirt shorter than the length of the ankle. However, some mosques need ankle trousers for Muslims and non-Muslims in the venue.
Among certain groups, low-rise pants, loose that expose underwear to be fashionable; for example, among skaters and hip hop modes of the 1990s. This mode is called slack or, alternatively, "busting slack."
Cut-off is a homemade shorts made by cutting the legs of a pair of pants, usually after the hole has been worn on the fabric around the knee. This extends the useful life of trousers. The remaining legs may droop or be left lined after cutting.
Legal
French
In 2013, a law requiring women in Paris, France to seek permission from the city authorities before "dressing like a man", including wearing trousers (with the exception of "holding a bicycle handlebars or horse control") has been declared formally revoked by the Minister French Women's Rights, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem. The law was originally intended to prevent women from wearing fashionable pantaloons with Parisian rebels in the French Revolution.
India
In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objected to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing him to wear sari with the cruelty inflicted by her husband and could be the reason for seeking a divorce. Therefore, the wife is given a divorce on the basis of cruelty as defined in section 27 (1) (d) of the Special Marriage Act, 1954.
Italy
In Rome in 1992, a 45-year-old driving instructor was accused of rape. When he took an 18-year-old girl for his first driving lesson, he allegedly raped her for an hour, then told him that if he told anyone he would kill him. Later that night he told his parents and his parents agreed to help the press. While the alleged rapist was sentenced and sentenced, the Italian Supreme Court overturned the sentence in 1998 because the victim was wearing tight jeans. It is said that he must always have to help his assailant take off his jeans, thus making consensual action ("because the victim is wearing very tight jeans, he must help her remove it... and by removing the jeans... it is no longer rape but consensual sex"). The Supreme Court of Italy declared in its decision "it is a fact of common experience that it is almost impossible to take off tight jeans even partially without the active collaboration of the person who wears them." This ruling sparked widespread feminist protests. A day after the ruling, women in the Italian Parliament protested wearing jeans and holding banners reading "Jeans: An Alibi for Rape." As a sign of support, the Senate and the California Assembly follow. Soon Patricia Giggans, Executive Director of the Los Angeles Commission on the Attacks on Women (now Violent of Violence) made Denim Day an annual event. In 2011 at least 20 US states officially recognize Denim Day in April. Wearing jeans today, April 22, has become a symbol of international protests. In 2008, the Supreme Court of Italy has canceled their findings, and no more "denim" defense for rape allegations.
Malawi
In Malawi, women were not legally allowed to wear trousers under the authority of Kamuzu Banda until 1994. The law was introduced in 1965.
Puerto Rico
In 1919, Luisa Capetillo challenged mainstream society by becoming the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers in public. Capetillo was sent to jail for being considered a criminal offense, but the judge later revoked the suit against him.
Turkish
In 2013, the Turkish parliament ended the ban on female parliamentarians wearing trousers in his council.
Sudan
In Sudan, Article 152 of the Memorandum to the Criminal Code of 1991 prohibits the use of "indecent clothing" in public. This law has been used to arrest and prosecute women wearing trousers. Thirteen women including journalist Lubna al-Hussein were arrested in Khartoum in July 2009 for wearing trousers; ten women pleaded guilty and flogged with ten lashes and a fine of 250 pounds each Sudan. Lubna al-Hussein considers himself a good Muslim and insists "Islam does not say whether a woman can wear trousers or not, I am not afraid of being whipped, it does not hurt, but it is insulting." He was eventually found guilty and fined the equivalent of $ 200 rather than be caned.
United States
In May 2004, in Louisiana, Democrat and state legislator Derrick Shepherd submitted a bill that would make the crime appear in public by wearing trousers under the waist and thus exposing one's skin or "intimate clothing". The Louisiana bill did not pass.
In February 2005, Virginia lawmakers tried to pass a similar law to be punished by a $ 50 fine "any person who, while in a public place, deliberately dressed and displayed undershirt, intended to cover one's intimate, obscene or indecent manner ". (It is unclear whether, with the same coverage by the trousers, showing the underwear is considered worse than exposing bare skin, or whether the latter has been covered by other laws.) The law was passed in the Virginia House of Delegates. However, various criticisms against him emerged. For example, newspaper columnists and radio talk show hosts consistently say that since most people who will be punished by law are African-American men, the law will be a form of racial discrimination. Virginia state senators voted not to pass the law.
In California, Government Code Section 12947.5 (part of the Fair Labor and Employment Act of California (FEHA)) expressly protects the right to wear pants. Thus, the standard FEHA California discrimination complaint form includes an option to "deny the right to wear pants."
See also
- Capri Pants
- Churidar
- Dress size
- No Day Pants
- Crotch pants open
- Oxford Bag
- Pantalettes
- Underwear
- Sportswear
- Thai fishing trousers
- Clip pants
References
External links
- (video) Etymology 'Pants', from Vernacular Mystery
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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