Victoria's Secret is an American designer, manufacturer, and marketer for women's underwear, women's wear, and beauty products. Founded in 1977 in response to packaged underwear, considered by the company founders to be a "bad nylon flower bed", the company is now the largest women's retailer in America.
Video Victoria's Secret
History
1977-1981
Victoria's Secret was founded by Roy Raymond, and his wife Gaye, in San Francisco, California, on June 12, 1977.
Eight years before the founding of Victoria's Secret, in the late 1960s, Raymond felt ashamed when buying lingerie for his wife at a convenience store. Newsweek reported he looked back on the incident since 1981: "When I tried to buy clothes for my wife," she recalled, "I was confronted with a terry robe robe and an ugly floral nylon nightshirt, and I always felt the saleswomen department store thinks I'm an unwelcome intruder. "Raymond spent the next eight years studying the underwear market.
At the time when Raymond founded Victoria's Secret, most women in America bought "dowdy", "pragmatic", "underwear clothes" by Fruit of the Loom, Hanes, and Jockey in three packs from department stores and store "luxury items" for "special events" like honeymoon. "Neck lacy and soft padded bra" are special products during this period found "alongside furry boas and provocative pirate costumes at Frederick's of Hollywood" beyond the mainstream product offerings available at department stores.
In 1977, Raymond borrowed $ 40,000 from his parents and $ 40,000 from the bank to set up Victoria's Secret: a shop where men can feel comfortable buying lingerie. The company's first store is located at Stanford Shopping Center in Palo Alto, California.
Raymond chose the name "Victoria" after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom to associate with the Victorian era refinement. "Secret" is what is hidden under the clothes. The "angels" came from his wife who was in a female college where their mascot was an angel.
Victoria's secrets earned $ 500,000 in its first year of business, enough to finance expansion from headquarters and warehouses to four new store locations and mail-order operations.
In 1982, the fourth store (still in San Francisco area) was added at 395 Sutter Street. Victoria's Secret lived in that location until 1990, when moving to the front of the Big Powell Street Westin St. Louis. Francis.
In April 1982, Raymond sent his 12th catalog; each catalog costs $ 3 (equivalent to $ 7.61 in 2017). The catalog sales accounted for 55% of the company's $ 7 million annual sales in 1982.
Victoria's Secret stores today are "niche players" in the underwear market. The business was described as "more mocking than Main Street."
1982-1983
In 1982, Victoria's Secret has grown to five stores, a 40-page catalog, and earned $ 6 million every year. Raymond sells Victoria's Secret Inc. to Leslie Wexner, the creator of Limited Stores Inc. from Columbus, Ohio, for $ 1 million.
In 1983, Wexner changed Victoria's Secret sales model. He threw away the money-losing model from lingerie sales to male customers and replaced them with women-focused customers. Victoria's Secret changed from "more mocks than Main Street" to a mainstay that sells widely accepted underwear. "New colors, patterns, and styles that promise sexiness packed in a tasteful, glamorous, and arrogant way of European luxury" are meant to attract women buyers. For more on this picture, Victoria's Secret catalog continues the practice started by Raymond: registering the company's headquarters in a catalog at a fake London address, with headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. The shops were redesigned to revive the 19th century England.
Howard Gross took over as president of his position as vice president in 1985. In October of that year, Los Angeles Times reported that Victoria's Secret steals market share from department stores; in 1986, Victoria's Secret was the only national clothing store network.
The New York Times reported the rapid expansion of Victoria's Secret from four stores in 1982 to 100 in 1986, and analyst expectations that it could expand to 400 by 1988.
In 1987, Victoria's Secret was reported to be among the "best-selling catalogs". In 1990, analysts predicted that sales had quadrupled in four years, making it one of the fastest growing mail-order businesses.
The New York Times describes it as "a very visible leader", and says it uses "high fashion photography unabashedly to sell underwear in the medium price."
Victoria's Secret also released their own fragrance line in 1992.
1990-2006
In the early 1990s, Victoria's Secret faced a gap in management that caused the company "to be overwhelmed by persistent quality problems". Howard Gross, who has significantly grown the company since the purchase of Wexner in 1982, was transferred to L's poorly-performing Limited L stores. Business Week reported that "both divisions have suffered".
Grace Nichols, who became President and CEO starting in 1992, works to solve quality problems; their margins are tightened, resulting in slower profit growth.
Victoria's Secret introduced Miracle Bra which sold two million in the first year, but faced competition from WonderBra Sara Lee a year later. The company responded with a TV campaign.
In 1998, Victoria's Secret market share in the intimate apparel market was 14 percent. That year, Victoria's Secret also entered the cosmetics market for $ 3.5 billion.
In 1999, the company aims to increase its coverage with the Body by Victoria brand.
In May 2000, Wexner installed Sharen Jester Turney, formerly of Neiman Marcus Direct, as the new chief executive of Victoria's Secret Direct to reverse the catalog sales lagging behind other divisions. Forbes reported Turney said, as he flipped through Victoria's Secret catalog, "We have to stop focusing on all that cleavage."
In 2000, Turney began redefining Victoria's Secret catalogs of "breasts - spilled over black tops, purples and reptile prints" to one that would appeal to "upscale customers who now feel more comfortable buying La Perla or Wolford lingerie. "; "dim the appearance of prostitutes" such as "tight jeans and stilettos"; and moved from "Playboy substitutes in some dorm rooms," to something closer to the Vogue lifestyle, where underwear, nightwear, clothing and cosmetics appeared throughout the catalog.
Beginning in 2000, Grace Nichols, CEO of Secret Direct Victoria, led a similar change in Victoria's Secret shops - moving away from Britain's 1800s (or Victorian brothel).
2006-Present
In 2006, 1,000 Victoria's Secret stores across the United States accounted for one-third of all purchases in the intimate apparel industry.
In May 2006, Wexner promoted Sharen Jester Turney from Victoria's Secret catalog and online unit to lead the entire company. In 2008, he recognized "product quality that does not match the brand hype."
In September 2006, Victoria's Secret reportedly tried to make their catalogs more like magazines by head-hunting writers from Women's Wear Daily.
In February 2016, Turney resigned as Victoria's Secret CEO after serving for a decade. In 2016, direct sales grew only 1.6% and fell 7.4% in the last quarter of this year, usually a period of high incomes due to holidays. The company discontinued the use of printed catalogs and dropped certain clothing categories such as swimwear. Sales revenue continues to stagnate and decline in early 2017.
Maps Victoria's Secret
Products
Current product
Pink
In 2002, Victoria's Secret launched Pink (PINK style), a line of lingerie aimed at women younger than the main line of Victoria's Secret.
Swimwear
In 2002, swimwear was introduced and made available through websites and catalogs; in the last three years, swimwear became more available in stores.
In April 2016, Chairman and CEO Leslie H. Wexner announced that Victoria's Secret would end their swimwear line, replacing it with a new line of activewear.
"Out of the record year, now is the best time to make improvements... from best to better, we make changes to accelerate growth and strengthen our business over the long term by narrowing our focus and simplifying our operating model."
"I believe that these changes are necessary for our industry-leading brands to achieve their significant potential... yet, decisions about people are the most difficult to make, and we are careful to support colleagues affected by this change."
Latest product history
In 2010, Victoria's Secret launched an Extraordinary bra .
In 2012, Victoria's Secret unveiled Victoria's Secret Designer Collection described by Vogue as the company's "first high-end lingerie line".
In 2016, Victoria's Secret stops selling swimwear, shoes, accessories, and apparel that are only sold in Victoria's Secret online stores to stay focused on underwear, fragrances, and nightwear still available in stores and online.
In 2017, Victoria's Secret begins to put more emphasis on bralet (bra without underwire, often seen to wear) and sports bra (under the Victoria Sport label) to appeal to a younger customer base.
Victoria's Secret Sale
Victoria's Secret products remaining after the season are sold at cheaper prices through their online store. Big sales happen on Black Friday and Semi Annual Sales twice a year. Additionally, Victoria's Secret online store runs a series of temporary, continuous special offers, most of which require customers to enter promotional codes during payment.
Division of operations
Victoria Secret's operations are organized into three divisions: Victoria's Secret Store (store), Victoria's Secret Direct (online operations and catalog), and Victoria's Secret Beauty (showers and cosmetics). The company does business in the following retail formats: general merchandise stores, clothing stores.
Victoria's Secret Shop Victoria's Secret Store
Throughout the 1980s, Victoria's Secret took over the market using "faux-English veneer, romantic style and soft classical music." In 2000, the Los Angeles Times reported that Victoria's Secret continued the practice of placing "in the English air - or what the Ohio chain thinks Americans are British, Boudoirish, Tony, Upper class."
During the 1990s, Victoria's Secret saw a 30% increase in store sales after the use of analytics in their data warehouse where specialty stores of styles, sizes and colors were sold bra.
In 2010, there were 1,000 Victoria's Secret lingerie stores and 100 independent Victoria's Secret Beauty Shops in the United States, mostly in shopping centers. They sell a variety of bras, panties, socks, cosmetics, nightwear, and other products. Victoria's Secret sends more than 400 million catalogs per year.
During the 1990s, store sizes grew from an average of 1,400 square feet to between 4,000 and 5,000 square feet. In 2002, the average Victoria's Secret store was 6,000 square feet.
International expansion
Until the early 2000s, management at Victoria's Secret actively decided not to expand beyond the United States. The urge to continue to grow coupled with the face of an increasingly mature American retail market caused a change in the decision and to expand Victoria's Secret outside the United States. Victoria's Secret announced the company's plan to expand to Canada in 2010. The company opened 23 stores in Canada with locations in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan.
In November 2005, the company opened its first boutique in Great Britain at Heathrow Airport, Terminal 5 with the help of World Duty Free. This was followed in 2009 with several Victoria's Secret Travel and Tourism stores located inside airports outside the United States. This includes locations at Schiphol International Airport, Netherlands.
Victoria's Secret opened their first store located at Westfield Shopping Center, Stratford, London on July 24, 2012. Their flagship store, 40,386 square feet (3,752.0 m 2 ) in New Bond Street, London opened on August 29, 2012, and there will be further national expansion throughout the UK. The executive vice president and chief executive officer of Victoria Martyn R. Redgrave said Women's Wear Daily "That's what we want to do as we grow, in the UK in particular, and they'll be owned and operated." Since 2013, stores opened in the United Kingdom in Leeds, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Bristol and London including Westfield London, Bluewater and Brent Cross. By 2016, there are 15 stores in the UK.
International franchise
In 2010, Victoria's Secret expanded with international franchises.
The first Latin American franchise store opened in Isla Margarita, Venezuela on 25 June 2010 followed by other stores in the country, and in Bogota, Colombia, in July 2012 selling beauty products and accessories. Angel's Group, a Colombian company that operates a franchise, plans to open 10 stores in Colombia. Victoria's Secret also plans to open stores at the exclusive Multiplaza Mall in San Salvador, El Salvador.
In 2010, M.H. Alshaya Co. opened its first Victoria's Secret store in the Middle East region of Kuwait. M.H. Alshaya Co. operates Victoria's Secret franchise located in Marina Mall selling products including "cosmetic and branded accessories, but has left the line of famous brand lingerie".
The first Caribbean brand store was opened in November 2011 at Plaza Las Americas in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Two stores also opened in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in Agora, (mainly selling beauty products and accessories) and While Santo Domingo mall in August 2012 and October 2012, respectively.
The first Polish shop opened in July 2012 in the shopping center Z? Ote Tarasy in Warsaw and operated by M.H. Alshaya Co. This is the first Victoria's Secret franchise store in Europe, and opened just a day before London's first UK store.
The first Serbian Victoria store in Serbia opened in January 2014 at Nikola Tesla Airport in Belgrade. This is the first Victoria's Secret store opened in the former Yugoslavia.
Victoria Victorian Direct Secret
Catalog
Prior to the advent of e-commerce, the Victoria's Secret catalog provides an informative and enjoyable experience in the comforts of the consumers' homes.
The catalog under Raymond's leadership takes the form of an upscale version of Frederick's Hollywood lingerie catalog that is more sensual than the catalog published under the future leadership of The Limited. In 1982 the Victoria's Secret catalog cost $ 3.
The New York Times reported that the financial success of the Victoria's Secret catalog influenced another catalog, which turned into underwear as "romantic and sensual but tasteful" "in which the model was photographed in a graceful pose against an elegant background."
This led to Victoria's Secret dominating the catalog field for "sexy underwear and nightwear." This catalog allows consumers to review the entire spectrum of product offerings, along the style axis, colors and fabrics. Victoria's Secret accepts catalogs by phone 24 hours a day.
The Victoria's Secret catalog offers a variety of merchandise.
The Los Angeles Times described the catalog in 2000 as having reached "almost cults-like followers."
E-commerce
In 1995, Victoria's Secret began building an e-commerce website that the company launched after three years of development at 18:00. December 4, 1998, using the domain VictoriasSecret.com. Twenty minutes later the first order was placed on the website of a Littleton, Colorado customer at 6:20 pm.
It was reported that a three-year development was the result of the company's concern for launching a half-baked website that could "hinder a return visit".
Viewers who entered the Victoria's Secret website to see the company's first webcast from their fashion show on February 3, 1999, were unable to view the webcast because Victoria Internet Secret's chosen Internet infrastructure was unable to meet user requests that caused some users unable to see to view the webcast.
Victoria's splendor Victoria's Secret Victoria's Beauty
The Limited, Inc. in 1998 created the Intimate Beauty Corporation with a mandate to form a beauty business group with Victoria's Secret Beauty as the first company in the company's portfolio.
In November 2012 Susie Coulter becomes president of Victoria Secret Beauty; beauty division company located in New York City
Company affairs
Ownership
Victoria's Secret was originally owned by "The Limited". In 2002, Wexner reconnected Victoria's Secret to Limited; formerly the parent company Victoria's Secret is Intimate Brands, a privately-traded entity whose President is Ed Razek.
In 2006, 72% of Limited Brand revenues - and almost all of their profits - came from Victoria's Secret and Bath & amp; Body Works Unit.
On July 10, 2007, Victoria's Secret parent company, Limited Brands, sold 75% of their clothing brand, Limited Stores and Express to Sun Capital Partners, to focus on the expansion of Victoria's Secret and Bath & Body Works Unit. The direct impact of the sale resulted in Restricted Brands taking after-tax loss of $ 42 million.
Management structure
Victoria's Secret Victoria's Secret stores Victoria's Secret
In 1985, Howard Gross was promoted to president of vice president. In 1991, Grace Nichols replaced Gross as president of the Victoria's Secret Shop. Nichols previously was "executive vice president and general merchandise manager of lingerie Limited division."
In 1998, Cynthia A. Fields became president & amp; the company's chief executive (when it was the Intimate Brands Inc. division).
Victoria Victorian Direct Secret
In May 2000, Wexner installed Sharen Jester Turney, who previously worked at Neiman Marcus Direct, as the new chief executive of Secret Direct Victoria.
Victoria The Beauty of Victoria's Secret
In May 2006, Christine Beauchamp was named president and CEO of Victoria's Secret Beauty. Beauchamp was replaced by Shashi Batra in 2009, who became president of Victoria Secret Beauty. Robin Burns is CEO of Victoria's Secret Beauty.
Environmental recordings
After two years of pressure from environmental groups, parent company Victoria's Secret and conservation groups reached an agreement to make the catalog more environmentally friendly apparel retailer in 2006. This catalog is no longer made from pulp supplied from a variety of Canadian caribou habitats. , unless it has been certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. Catalogs will also be made from 10 percent recycled paper.
The company has bought organic cotton and fair trade to make some of his underwear.
Legal process
On March 4, 2003, the US Supreme Court ruled against Victoria's Secret in Moseley v. V Secret Catalog, Inc. that there should be actual evidence of damage to the trademark.
Manufacturing
In 2006 it was reported that Secret Victoria paid a $ 7 worker per day to make a bra for them in Thai factories.
A tenth of Victoria's Secret bra is sourced through Fashions Intimate, a factory with a factory in the southern Indian city of Guduvanchery.
As a result of the Jordanian-USA Free Trade Agreement, which withdrew from the standards set in the 1990s, working conditions in Jordan have been compared to forced labor.
Corporate identity
Name
Prior to sales in 1982, the company's business name was Victoria's Secret, Inc. then after that the name was changed to Victoria's Secret Stores, Inc. In 2005, the company changed into Victoria's Secret Stores, LLC.
Marketing partners
In the early 1980s, Victoria's Secret used FCB/Leber Katz Partners for their brand, marketing, and advertising development.
In 1989, FCB/Leber Katz Partners and Victoria's Secret executed a national advertising campaign featuring for the first time in the company's history, ten glossy insert pages appearing in the November edition of Elle , Vogue >, Vanity Fair , Victoria , Beautiful , Bon Appetit , New Woman , and People magazines. Victoria's Secret uses inserts to announce their expansion into toiletries and fragrance business. Up to ten pages, the company's growth is driven by their catalogs, sporadic advertisements in fashion publications, and word of mouth. Catalog was suspended in early 2016.
Marketing
During the company's evolution, Victoria's Secret "has shifted from value-driven to create a luxury shopping experience and its marketing-driven aura of fashion".
The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an "Annual detailed marketing tool for Limited Brands". The show is a blend of "pretty models dressed skimpy in lingerie" and entertainer A-list "And every year, it becomes less about fashion and more about the show".
The company became famous in the early 1990s after starting to use supermodels in advertising and fashion shows. Throughout the 2000s, Victoria's Secret has rejected models and celebrity endorsements.
In 1999, Victoria's Secret's 30-second Super Bowl ad caused a million visits to the company's website within an hour of it being aired.
In 2004, Victoria's Secret featured Bob Dylan in an advertisement to test new marketing possibilities while Victoria's Secret dropped their fashion show for 2004 as a result of the fallout from the Janet Jackson/Super Bowl incident that caused complaints from female groups.
This brand switched to social networking in 2009, opening the official Facebook page and then on the official Twitter and Pinterest account. It also expands its website to display behind-the-scenes content about its catalogs and ads, as well as its fashion show.
The company is creating a campaign to market the "Body" bra line called "The Perfect Body." The campaign has generated substantial controversy, with many sources saying it would lower women's self esteem because it does not embrace all body types.
Victoria's Victoria's Secret Clothes
In 1995, Victoria's Secret began holding the annual fashion show Victoria's Secret, which aired on primetime American television. Starting with the 1995 fashion show, they are "a combination of confidence for women and voyeuristic pleasure for men - and lingerie to be the ultimate entertainment."
Ken Weil, vice president at Victoria's Secret, and Tim Plzak, in charge of IT at Victoria's Secret parent company, Intimate Brands, led Victoria's Secret online stream for their fashion show in 1999. The 18-minute Webcast flowed February 2, 1999, the biggest "Internet event" since the beginning. The 1999 webcast was reported as a failure by some newspapers due to some of the inability of users to watch shows featuring Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, and Stephanie Seymour as a result of Victoria's Secret technology that failed to meet the demands of online users. resulting in network congestion and users who can see the webcast receiving frames jerky. Overall, the company's website sees over 1.5 million visits while the Broadcast.com computer is designed to handle between 250,000 and 500,000 viewers simultaneously. In total, 1.5 million viewers either try or view the webcast.
Webcast 1999 serves to create a database for Victoria's Secret of over 500,000 current and potential customers by requiring users to submit their contact details to view webcasts. The next spring Victoria's Secret avoids technical issues by partnering with Broadcast.com, America Online, and Microsoft. The 2000 webcast attracts over two million viewers.
In 2011, the budget for the fashion show was $ 12 million from the first show budget of $ 120,000.
Victoria Angelic Victoria's Secret
Victoria's Secret began working with well-known models in the early 1990s, employing Stephanie Seymour, Karen Mulder, Yasmeen Ghauri, and Jill Goodacre. These models help brands get notified and immediately appear in television commercials. Veronica Webb is one of Victoria's Secret's original models.
Angels is one of Victoria's Secret clothing lines, launched in 1997, with ads featuring Helena Christensen, Karen Mulder, Daniela Pe? TovÃÆ'¡, Stephanie Seymour, and Tyra Banks and pop star Tom Jones. The ad was a huge success and the Angels began to appear in various advertisements, alongside other contract models for brands such as Yasmeen Ghauri, InÃÆ'Â © s Rivero, and Laetitia Casta. From that moment onwards, the term Angel began to become synonymous with being the contracted spokesman for the brand and in February 1998, the Angels made their runway debut at Victoria's Secret 4th annual fashion show, with Chandra North filling for Christensen.
Seymour, Mulder, Pestova, Banks, Casta, and the new brazilian model Millena Gomes are all featured in both Victoria's Secret webcast and are taking part in the promotion as a brand contract model. Starting in 2001, the show has aired on television and usually displays Angel's list this year at the start of the show, starting with Pestova, Bank, Klum, Adriana Lima and Gisele Bundchen In 2004, due to the Super Bowl controversy, instead of the Television Show, Victoria's Secret submitted five models of his contract (Bank, Klum, Bundchen, Adriana Lima, and Alessandra Ambrosio) in a tour called Angels Across America, because at that time, the word had become synonymous with Victoria's Secret spokesman. The last native angel, Tyra Banks, departed the following year, when Karolina Kurkova, Selita Ebanks, and Izabel Goulart were hired.
Among other acknowledgments, Victoria's Secret Angels was chosen to be part of "2007's Most Beautiful People in the World" magazine's 2007 edition and became the first trademark to be awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. on 13 November 2007, with Klum, Lima, Ambrosio, Kurkova, Goulart, Ebanks, Marisa Miller, and Miranda Kerr in hand. Together with the new Angel Doutzen Kroes, they also took part in the reopening of Fontainebleau in Miami in 2008. In 2009, it was widely reported that Candice Swanepoel, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Chanel Faith, Emanuela de Paula and Lindsay Ellingson have been employed by the brand. However, De Paula is absent from the fashion show and Erin Heatherton is credited in her place, along with Angels (Klum, Ambrosio, Kerr, Miller, Kroes, and Behati Prinsloo, with Five on maternity leave). The brand also held a national competition to recruit the new "cornerstone" (as dubbed all the models running on the show), Kylie Bisutti was crowned the winner but soon parted with the brand. In the following year and a half of Swanepoel, Huntington-Whiteley, Faith, Heatherton, and Ellingson are all revealed as Angels.
Various tours have been held featuring Angels, such as the Bomb Tour in 2010 (featuring Laura Croggon, Sophia Timpano, Katie Bryan, and new recruits Lily Aldridge), VSX tour in 2013 (featuring Swanepoel, Ambrosio, Ellingson and Aldridge) and Swimming Tour in 2013 (featuring Swanepoel, Ellingson, and Heatherton). The Angels has been heavily featured on social media brands, including on short Facebook apps in 2013-2014 highlighting Angels (later including Lima, Swanepoel, Ellingson, Aldridge, and Karlie Kloss) as well as Lais Ribeiro, Toni Garrn, and Barbara Palvin.
Ellingson, Kroes, and Kloss all departed soon after the 2014 fashion show, leaving the brand with only 5 Angels. In 2015, the Angels and Elsa Hosk models, Joan Smalls, Lais Ribeiro, Martha Hunt, Jasmine Tookes, Stella Maxwell, and Monika 'Jac' Jagaciak are featured on the first brand of Swim Special . Soon after, in the largest group of brands ever recruited, all but Smalls was revealed as Angels, along with the old catalogs of Lais Ribeiro and Sara Sampaio and Kate Grigorieva, Taylor Hill and Romee Strijd. The following year, Jagaciak and Griegorieva came out, while the usual Josephine Skriver catalog was added to the list. In 2017, Alessandra Ambrosio announces that the annual fashion show will be his last.
Other notable spokespersons for this brand include: Claudia Schiffer, Eva HerzigovÃÆ'¡, Oluchi Onweagba, Jessica Stam, Ana Beatriz Barros, and Bregje Heinen as well as some celebrities like Taylor Momsen.
Pink fingers
Criticism and controversy
- Influence on sociocultural body image norm-2008
In the article "Victor Gross Secrets: How Sociocultural Norms Affect Girls and Adolescent Women" written by Strahan, Lafrance, Wilson, and Ethier from Wilfrid Laurier University along with Spencer and Zanna from the University of Waterloo have stated: "The dissatisfaction of a woman's body is affected by the norm socio-cultural norms for ideal pervasive performances in society and especially directed at women. "These norms tell women that they are valued for their bodies, physical appearance, and magnetism. 10-year-old girls start dieting because they are struggling with their weight and body perception. This will continue throughout their life span. Victoria's Secret sends a message to teenage girls and women that their model is a standard of beauty. The models are displayed in TV commercials, ads, and magazines that mean daily views. Girls compare themselves to unrealistic high standards lured by the media. Women in this ad are very objective, ideal, and sexual. If women feel they have to meet these socio-cultural norm standards, it's just telling the man that it's okay to relativize and hasten women. The article concludes by stating: "Exposure to social messages that reflect socio-cultural norms for ideal appearance has a negative effect on women."
- Formaldehyde-2009 lawsuits
In 2009, Victoria's Secret was sued several times. The lawsuit alleges that the damaged underwear contains formalin which causes a severe rash on the woman who wears it. Six cases were filed in Ohio and two in Florida. At least 17 other lawsuits were filed in six other countries after January 2008. The Plaintiff refused to submit a simple test stick to determine the exact cause of his reaction and his case was later withdrawn. The Formaldehyde Council issued a statement that formaldehyde is rapidly disappearing in the air, water and sunlight.
- Child worker 2012
In 2012, Victoria's Secret suppliers were investigated for use of child labor in harvesting the cotton used to make the product.
- Zephyrs-2012 Claim
Also in 2012, Victoria's Secret was sued by Zephyrs, "accused of violating the 2001 agreement and selling a cheap" imitation "of the company's stockings."
- Collection of lingerie Go-2012-2012
The company is inviting criticism for a newly released underwear collection titled "Go East" whose tagline promises women the ability to "enjoy the touch of eastern pleasure with clothes inspired by the beautiful beauty of a secret Japanese garden." The collection includes a teddy mesh "Sexy Little Geisha" featuring "flirty pieces and eastern flower motifs".
The Wall Street Journal reports that the collection was "accessed with miniature fans and sashes of kimono-esque obi."
Victoria's Secret removes Asian-themed collections "that are trafficked in sexual pan-Asian sexual stereotypes."
- Perfect body campaign-2014
In 2014, a petition against a newly released clothing collection called "Body" was made when the poster ad featured the words 'THE PERFECT "BODY"' above the famous VS Angels. The petition, while becoming popular on social media, demands Victoria's Secret "to apologize and be responsible for the unhealthy and destructive message that their 'Perfect Body' campaign sends about women's bodies and how they should be judged."
The petition also demanded a change of wording in Victoria's Secret ad for their Body Bra, for something that does not promote unhealthy and unrealistic beauty standards, "asking the company not to use such malicious marketing in the future." The applicant created a hashtag " #iamperfect ", which tends to Twitter for women who embarrass the body.The petition has more than 30,000 signatures.
Although there has never been an official apology released, Victoria's Secret recorded a petition and changed the words on their ad campaign to 'A BODY FOR EVERY BODY.'
- Cultural appropriation- 2016
In Victoria's Secret 2016 fashion show, the brand is accused of "cultural deprivation" during the "The Road Ahead" segment, which is inspired by Chinese culture. Kendall Jenner's flame tail, Elsa Hosk dragon costume, and Adriana Lima's thigh-high embroidered boots are what caused the uproar as many fans thought it was inappropriate for women from other cultures to wear goods that mattered greatly to Chinese culture. The reasons behind Victoria's Secret include this segment to the 2016 fashion show is due to their recent expansion into the Chinese market. They thought it would be a good way to attract new Chinese customers. No apology or statement issued from the brand.
See also
- List of swimwear brands
- List of Victoria's Secret models
- PINK
- Victoria's Secret Clothes
- Victoria's Secret Special Secret
References
External links
- Official website
- Victoria's Secret on Facebook
- Victoria's Secret on Twitter
- Victoria's Secret at Photostags.com
- Victoria's Secret on Facebook
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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