The terms " open pollination " and " open pollinated " refer to the various concepts in the context of plant sexual reproduction.
Video Open pollination
The definition of breeding is actually
"Open pollinated" generally refers to a seed that will "breed true". When the plants are self-pollinated with open-pollination, or pollinated by other representatives of the same variety, the resulting seed will produce plants that are similar to those of their parents. This is in contrast to the seeds produced by plants that are the result of recent crosses (such as, but not limited to, F1 hybrids), which tend to exhibit different characteristics. Open-pollinated varieties are also often referred to as standard varieties or, when seeds have been stored across generations or for decades, inherited varieties. While heirlooms are usually open-pollinated, open-pollinated seeds are not always inherited; open pollination varieties are still being developed.
One of the challenges in maintaining open-pollinated varieties is to avoid the introduction of pollen from other strains. Based on how much pollen the plants tend to dissolve, can be controlled to various levels by greenhouses, high cage walls, field insulation, or other techniques.
Because they breed properly, openly pollinated plant seeds are often saved by gardeners and farmers. Popular examples of open pollination crops include heirloom tomatoes, beans, peas, and many other garden vegetables.
Maps Open pollination
Uncontrolled pollination definition
The use of both terms "open pollination" refers to pollination by insects, birds, wind, or other natural mechanisms. This can be contrasted with cleistogamy, closed pollination, which is one of many types of self-pollinating. When used in this sense, open pollination may be in contrast to controlled pollination , a procedure used to ensure that all plant seeds are derived from parents with known properties, and therefore are more likely to have desirable properties..
The seeds of openly pollinated plants will produce a new generation of plants; However, because uncontrolled breeding and pollen sources (male parent) are unknown, open pollination can produce plants that vary greatly in genetic traits. Open pollination can increase biodiversity.
Some plants (like many plants) mainly self-pollinate and also multiply properly, so even under the next generation open pollination conditions will be (almost) the same. Even among true breeding organisms, some variations due to genetic recombination or mutation may produce some "off type".
Relationship with hybridization
Hybrid pollination, a pollinated pollination where pollen comes from different strains (or species), can be used to improve crop suitability, especially through heterosis. The resulting hybrid strain can sometimes be cultivated and selected for the desired properties until a strain that breeds true with open pollination is achieved. The result is called an inbred hybrid strain . To add some confusion, the term inbred hybrid applies to hybrids made from selected inbred lines that have certain desirable characteristics (see inbreeding). This latter hybrid type is sometimes called the F1 hybrid, the first hybrid generation (filial) whose parent lineage (different).
References
Further reading
- Ben Watson. "Hybrid or Open Pollinated". Gardening Articles: Care :: Seeds & amp; Multiplication . National Gardening Association. pp.Ã, 1-6 . Retrieved 2008-03-17 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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