The history of swimwear tracks changes in the style of men's and women's swimsuits from time to time and across cultures, and touches social, religious and legal attitudes to swimming and bathing suits.
In classical antiquity and in most cultures, swimming is naked or the swimmer will just strip away their underwear. In the Middle Ages, swimming was strongly discouraged, and the 18th century swim was considered a dubious morality, and should be justified on the basis of health. In Victorian times swimwear is a style of outerwear of time, which is complicated and even dangerous in water, especially in terms of swimwear styled clothing for women. Since the beginning of the 20th century, swimming is considered a legitimate recreational activity or hobby and clothing made specifically for swimming becomes the norm. Since then, swimsuits have become increasingly incomplete and fitting, despite objections from conservative elements in society and moral campaigners, and the use of hi-tech materials has become more common.
Video History of swimwear
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In classical times, swimming and bathing were done naked. There was a Roman mural showing women playing sports and exercising in a two-piece suit that covered the area around the breast and hips in a way very similar to the current bikini. However, there is no evidence that they are used for swimming. All classic swimming photos show nude swimmers.
In a variety of cultural traditions, a person swam, if not naked, in a version corresponding to garment or underwear that is commonly worn on the ground, e.g. cats like the Japanese fundoshi.
Maps History of swimwear
Medieval
In the Middle Ages, swimming and bathing outdoors are not recommended in Christian West and there is little need for swimwear or swimming.
the 17th century
Women's bath costumes come from those worn in Bath and other spas. It seems that until the 1670s the naked bath women in the spa were the norm and that after that the ladies were dressed. Celia Fiennes gave a detailed description of the standard women's bath costume in 1687:
The Ladyes went to the bathroom with Garments made of fine yellow canvas, which was stiff and made large with big sleeves like parson gowns; water meets it so it is borne that your shape is invisible, not attached closely like any other linning, which looks sad in the poorer kind that goes into their own line. Gentlemen have drawers and bins of the same type of canvas, this is the best coating, because the bath water will change the other yellow color.
18th century
The 18th-century bath gown is a long-sleeved long-sleeved dress made of wool or flannel, so decency or decency is not threatened.
In England until the mid-nineteenth century there was no law against bare swimming, and every city was free to make its own laws. For example, the official Bath Corporation 1737 dress code specified for men:
It is Ordered to be Established and Destroyed by this Company that no Man over the age of ten will at all times enter Bath or Baths in this City at noon or night without the Pair of Drawers and Vests on their bodies.
In rivers, lakes, rivers and sea humans swim in bare places, where practice is common. Those who do not swim naked, are released into their pants.
Bath Corporation's official bath code code of 1737 was determined, for women:
No woman will at all times enter Bath or Baths in this City at noon or night without a proper Shift in their bodies.
The Humphry Clinker Expedition was published in 1771 and its description of different women's swimsuits from Celia Fiennes a hundred years earlier:
The women wore brown linen jackets and skirts, with chip hats, where they repaired their handkerchiefs to wipe the sweat off their faces; but, really, is it because of the steam that surrounds them, or the heat of the water, or the nature of the clothes, or all of these causes, they seem so reddened, and so frightening, that I always change my eyes in other ways.
19th century
The practice of British people who swam naked was banned in England in 1860. Drawers, or caleÃÆ'§ons as they are called, began to be used in the 1860s. Even then there are many who are protesting against them and want to remain naked. Francis Kilvert described the men's bathing suit being used in the 1870s as "a pair of very short red and white striped drawers".
In the first half of the upper 19th century it became kneeling while an ankle drawer was added as the bottom. In the second half of the 19th century, in France, arms began to disappear, the bottom became shorter to reach only the knee and the top became hip length and both became more fitting. In the 1900s women wore a woolen dress on the beach made up of 9 yards (8.2 m) of cloth.
Penelope Byrde points out that Smollett's description may be inaccurate, since it describes a two-piece costume, not a shifting part or shirt that most people portray and depict in contemporary print. However, the description fits perfectly with Elizabeth Grant's description of guiding costumes at Ramsgate in 1811. The only difference is in the fabric used to make the costumes. Flannels, however, are common fabrics for marine swimsuits because many believe warm fabrics are needed in cold water.
In the West, women in the 19th century wore bathing suits in the water. This is a loose, long-sleeved, camisole type gown made of wool or flannel, so decency or decency is not threatened. They are long dresses of cloth that will not become transparent when wet, with loads sewn into the seams so they will not rise into the water. Men's swimsuits, woolen garments that fit somewhat with long sleeves and legs similar to trousers, are developed and will change slightly for a century.
In the 19th century, the women's double suit was common, consisting of a dress from shoulder to knee plus a set of trousers with leggings down to the ankle. In the first half of the upper 19th century it became kneeling while an ankle drawer was added as the bottom. In the second half of the 19th century, in France, arms began to disappear, the bottom became shorter to reach only the knee and the top became hip length and both became more fitting. In the 1900s women wore a woolen dress on the beach made up of 9 yards (8.2 m) of cloth.
In the Victorian era, Western culture deplored nudity, and people tried hard to cover themselves, even the bare-chested male swimmers on the ocean shore. Popular beach resorts are usually equipped with bath machines designed to avoid exposure to people in swimwear, especially for people of the opposite sex.
In the United States, women's beauty contests in bathing suits became popular since the 1880s. However, such incidents are not considered honorable. The beauty contest became more honorable with the first modern "Miss America" ​​contest held in 1921, despite a less honorable beauty contest being held.
Beginning of the 20th century
In 1907, swimmer Annette Kellerman of Australia visited the United States as an "underwater ballerina", a synchronized swimming version that involved diving into a glass tank. She was arrested on the Boston coast for indecent exposure because her swimsuit showed her arms, legs and neck, the costume she adopted from England, and which resembled the men's swimsuit at the time. Kellerman changed suit to have long arms and legs and collars, still keeping a close-range that revealed the shape beneath. Kellerman marketed his swimwear line and his suit suit became known as "Annette Kellerman". The one-piece swim bath became an acceptable swimsuit for women in parts of Europe in 1910. Harper's Bazaar praised Kellerman's swimsuit, writing in June 1920 (vol.55, no 6, p. Ã, 138) "Annette Kellerman Bathing Attire is distinguished by the unmatched and bold beauty that always remains perfected." The following year, in June 1921 (vol.54, no. 2504, p.Ã, 101), they wrote that these swimwear are "famous... because they are perfect and beautiful, the beauty of a plastic line."
1910s
Despite opposition from some groups, the post-format style proved popular. Not long before the swimsuits began to shrink further. On the first arm is exposed and then the leg up to mid-thigh. The neck line recedes from around the neck around the top of the chest. The development of new fabrics allows new varieties of swimwear more comfortable and practical.
Women's pools were introduced at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Competitors from 17 countries took part, with women from nine countries wearing swimsuits similar to Kellerman's swimsuits, which are similar to swimsuits worn by male swimmers. In 1913, inspired by the breakthrough, designer Carl Jantzen made the first two-piece functional swimwear, one-piece fitted with shorts at the bottom and short sleeves on it. Silent films such as The Water Nymph (1912) saw Mabel Normand in open clothes, and this was followed by a bold outfit of Sennett Bathing Beauties (1915-1929). The name "swimsuit" was invented in 1915 by Jantzen Knitting Mills, a sweater manufacturer that launched a swimwear brand called Red Diving Girl. The first annual bath day at Madison Square Garden of New York in 1916 was a landmark. Apron swimsuit, design for the initial bathing suit, disappeared in 1918, leaving the tunic covering the shorts.
Public nudity is a major concern in designing the initial bathing suit. It was a major factor behind the non-participation of American women at the 1912 Olympics. At the Olympics, British women wore full-body silk suits with such volumes that they could pass the wedding ring. The outfits are equipped with bra and bikini underwear as they become transparent when wet. Female coaches are rare at the start of the Olympics, and to further reduce the likelihood of female abuse accompanied by a companion. Even men wearing a one-piece swimsuit that covers the body from hip to shoulder until the 1940s.
1920s
During the 1920s and 1930s, people began to shift from "taking water" to "absorbing sunlight", in baths and spas, and swimsuit designs shifted from functional considerations to incorporating more decorative features. Rayon was used in 1920 in the manufacture of tight swimwear, but its durability, especially when wet, proved problematic, with jersey and silk also sometimes used.
Players burlesque and vaudeville wore two-piece clothing in the 1920s. The 1929 film Man with a Movie Camera shows Russian women wearing an early two-piece swimsuit that exposed their hearts, and some topless people. Movies of tourists in Germany in the 1930s showed women wearing two-piece suits. In 1928, Speedo introduced their optimized racerback silk suits to fit the shape of the body.
1930s
In the 1930s, men began to go without t-shirts to swim, and barechested on men's bathing suits became the norm in the late 1940s, including in a competitive swimming event, where men were not only barechested, but wore swimsuits that intended only to meet the requirements of public courtesy. The male barechestedness norm in swimwear is extended to other competitive sports, such as professional boxing and professional wrestling.
In the 1930s, the neckline fell on the back, the arms disappeared and the sides were cut and tightened. With the development of new clothing materials, especially latex and nylon, through the 1930s bathing suit gradually began to embrace the body, with a shoulder strap that could be lowered for tanning. Hollywood supports new glamor with films like Neptune's Daughter (1949) in which Esther Williams wore provocative costumes named like "Double Entender" and "Honey Child". Williams, who is also the Amateur Athletic Union champion in the 100m freestyle (1939) also plays Kellerman in the 1952 Million Dollar Mermaid movie (titled The One Piece Bathing Suit in the UK ). American designer Adele Simpson, winner of the American Coty Critics Fashion Award (1947) and a renowned alumni of the New York Pratt Institute art school, who believe the clothes should be comfortable and practically designed a large section of his wardrobe, which is composed largely of one piece. clothes that were considered fashionable even in the early 1980s. This is when the Cole of California began to market express clothing banning and Catalina Swimwear introduced a nearly bare design.
Coco Chanel makes fashionable sunbathing, and in 1932 the French designer Madeleine Vionnet offered an open belly in the evening gown. They were spotted a year later in Gold Diggers of 1933 . The 1934 Busby Berkeley Footlight Parade film featured aquachoreography featuring bikinis. Dorothy Lamour's The Hurricane (1937) also showed a two-piece swimsuit. The 1934 film, Fashions of 1934 features a choir girl wearing two pieces of clothing that looks identical to a modern bikini. In 1934, a National Recreation Association study on the use of leisure found that swimming, driven by the freedom of movement of new swimwear designs provided, was second only to the popularity of the film as a free time activity from a list of 94 activities. In 1935, American designer Claire McCardell cut off the side panels of maillot-style suits, a bikini pioneer. The 1938 discovery of the Telescopic Watersuit in the shirred elastic cotton ushered into the end of the woolen era. Cotton sun-tops, printed with palm trees, and silk or rayon pajamas, usually with blouse tops, became popular in 1939.
The speedo racerback silk suit that unraveled the shoulder blade almost resulted in disqualification of Clare Dennis at the 1932 Olympics, but became the norm in 1936. Meanwhile, men were allowed to swim in bare breastplugs in 1936, and in pants only in 1948. The Olympics.
1940s
Wartime production during World War II required large quantities of cotton, silk, nylon, wool, leather, and rubber. In 1942, the United States War Production Council passed the Regulation of L-85, cutting the use of natural fibers in clothing and required a 10% reduction in the amount of cloth in women's swimsuits. To comply with the rules, the swimsuit manufacturer produced a two-piece suit by using the underside of the abdomen. The shortage of cloth continued for some time after the end of the war.
Women's swimsuits from the 1930s and 1940s included increased levels of exposure in the abdomen. Teen magazines in the late 1940s and 1950s displayed similar designs of clothing and mid-abdominal cuts. However, the clothing of the headwaters is stated only for beaches and informal events and is considered obscene in public.
Due to its alluring nature of these clothes, glamor photography from the 1940s and 1950s often featured people wearing bathing suits. This type of glamor photography eventually evolved into a swimsuit photography exemplified by the annual edition of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue . The beauty contest also requires contestants to wear the right swimsuits.
Two-piece swimsuits without the usual skirt panels and other redundant materials began to appear in the US when the government ordered a 10% reduction on fabrics used in women's swimsuits in 1943 as wartime allotments. At that time, two-piece swimsuits were everywhere on the American coast. The 9th of July 1945,
In 1956, Speedo became the first company to introduce nylon.
1950s
Swimwear of the 1940s, 50s and early 60s followed silhouettes mostly from the early 1930s, whereas after World War II, a new wardrobe and holiday-style swimwear appeared, coupled with an increase in leisure time and place- a busy recreation area. In 1951, a great celebration called "The Festival of Britain" was promoted from everything new and modern and shaped the line into the future, building a sense of hope. Beachwear styles are very popular in the US and Europe, but this fashion comes from the French Riviera, which people quote this place as "a sunny place for the shade". Staying in line with Dior's ultra-feminine look that brought out his only swimwear collection for Cole of California in 1955. He designed a series of flower-flowered outfits with halter neck styles. It evolved into a dress following the New Display silhouette with cinched waists and built bustlines, accessorized with earrings, bracelets, hats, scarves, sunglasses, handbags and cover-ups. American women inspired by Hollywood movie stars For example, Doris Day offers a "girl-next-door" look and a coronation of the young Queen Elizabeth in May 1952.
For the early 50's, despite reaction to the 2-piece swimsuit worn by Brigitte Bardot in Manina, Girl in Bikini in 1952, most women in the 1950s still wore a one piece suit. To increase women's emancipation and realize the commercial possibilities of beauty contests, large companies launch beauty contests to find girls who can help promote the product, believing that the image of a beautiful girl in a swimsuit is the best promotion. Instead of swimsuits, this contest is popularizing play clothes, but the swimsuits remain in the spotlight in beauty contests.
The first bikinis appeared just after World War II. Early examples are not very different from the two common pieces of women's clothing since the 1920s, except that they have a gap under the breast line allowing for the bare belly. They are named after Bikini Atoll, the site of several nuclear weapons tests, to the effect of their explosions on the audience. In addition to Christian Dior, several designers also launched a collection of swimwear, such as Bob and Bill Meistrell from body gloves and Robert and Jack O'Neill from the surf brand O'Neill. Many of these pre-bikinis have preferred names like Double Entender, Honey Child (to maximize small chest), Shipshape (to minimize large chest), Diamond Lil (trimmed with rhinestones and lace), Swimming In Mink (trimmed with feathers all over the corset) and Spearfisherman (heavy poplin with belt straps to carry a knife), Beau Catcher, Leading Lady, Pretty Foxy, Side Issue, Forecast, and Fabulous Fit. However, the bikini was banned from the Miss World contest, following the coronation of Miss Sweden. Some people say bikinis are morally 'indecent'. Even in Europe in 1950, there was an Italian magazine which also stated that the Bikini should be worn solely for the purpose of sunbathing or on the boat.
According to Vogue swimwear has become more of a "dressing state, not clothing" in the mid-1950s. The bikini has a colorful period on the cinema screen and impacted in the late 50s, inspired by films like Dan God Created Woman by Roger Vadim, launching Bardot into the spotlight and becoming the benchmark for bikinis in celluloid. Also, her clothes set a new trend for sex symbols.
Beginning in the 1940s, manufacturing advancements allowed swimwear to fit without elastic help, and helped as performance aids in competitive swimmers. In the early 1950s, other synthetics in addition to screen printing techniques are being developed, such as polyester and acrylic, with fast dry properties. In the US, Hawaii-Japan-inspired prints are often used. In Europe, Emilio Pucci moved swimwear textiles to generations when he began designing prints for Rose Marrie Reid swimsuits. In the late 1950s, new materials were developed and applied to corset swimwear, such as Lastex, woven fabrics of artificial chromspun acetate used for more fitting appearance. Speedo produced wool and cotton swimwear for the Melbourne Olympics in 1956.
Men's swimming suits were developed roughly parallel to women during this period, with shorts covering less progressive. The racing-style "speedo" suit became popular, as were shoelaces, G-string pants, and bikini-style panties. Usually this is more popular in more tropical regions; However, they can also be used in public swimming pools and inland lakes. But in the 1990s, shorts and shorts became popular, with the hems often reaching the knees. Often called boardshorts and swim trunks, these are lower in the hips than regular shorts.
1960s
In 1964, designer Rudi Gernreich fabricated and produced monokini, revolutionary and controversial designs including the bottom that "extends from upstream to upper thigh" and "held with shoelaces that make a neck strap around the neck."
1970s
In the 1970s, Speedo added elastane to their swimsuits that increased elasticity, durability, and reduced water resistance - 21 of 22 recordings at the 1972 Olympics were broken using nylon/elastane clothing.
At the same Olympics, East German swimmers adopted strict attire following a body shape, called "skinsuits". They were originally made of cotton and became transparent when wet. The expressive form and transparency caused anger among US swimmers; Meanwhile, at the 1973 Aquatic World Championships, East German women won 10 of 14 events and set seven world records. The championship is a turning point for the world to adopt leather garments, modified with new synthetic materials, as a competitive competitive swimwear.
During this same era, East Germany became important because of its naked beaches, unusual freedoms allowed in regular communist blocks.
1980s
In 1985, Gernreich introduced the lesser known pubikini, a swimsuit intended to expose pubic hair. The pubikini is a small piece of cloth that hugs the hip and buttocks but leaves the pubic area open, portrayed as a small V-shaped strip of strips and a piece de resistance completely freeing the human body. It features the underside of the thong style while the front is a small V-shaped cloth dipped beneath the female pub mons, exposing pubic hair and parts of its vulva. This was his last design, four weeks before his death.
1990s
Tankini and the mix-and-match bathing concept were two major innovations in the genre in the late 1990s. Designer Anne Cole, a US swimsuit mogul, is the originator of this style. Hailed as the first major innovation in the design of women's swimwear in decades, the two-piece tankini combines bikini freedom with a simpler one-piece swimwear range, and quickly captures nearly a third of the swimwear market. Aimed at closing the gap in the swimwear market, the popularity of tankini mostly comes from Cole that exploits women's anxiety about swimwear. In the years after the preliminary tankinis diversified in style and range, added other big name designers such as Ralph Lauren, Donna Karan, Nautica, and Calvin Klein.
2000s
In 2005, a controversy broke out when Buddhists complained against Ondade Mar swimwear producers and giant lingerie Victoria's Secret began marketing tankinis featuring Buddhist iconography. That same year, Nike's breast cancer awareness pool collection featured four different pieces of tankini.
In 2000, Speedo launched a series of Fastskin suits that mimicked sharks. Their surfaces contain lumps and backs that channel water to swimmers about 3% more efficient than traditional materials. The coat covers most of the body, from the neck to the ankle and wrist, and the shape is optimized for certain swimming movements, compressing several parts of the body while allowing more freedom for others. The outfit was approved for the 2000 Olympics, where they helped win 83% of the medal. At the next Olympics, similar clothing has been developed by Tyr Sport, Inc., but they are not approved by FINA.
In July 2009, FINA voted to ban non-woven (non-woven) swimwear in competition events beginning in 2010. The new policy is being applied to address cost-related issues that improve performance, hampering the ability to measure the performance of swimmers accurately. Furthermore, the new ruling states that men's swimsuits can maximally cover the area from the navel to the knee, and female colleagues from shoulder to knee.
See also
- The history of competitive swimwear
- Bikini history
- Nudity history
Source
- Victoriana Maganzine
- CNN - 1
- CNN - 2
- BBC - 1
- BBC - 2
- CBS News
- MNN
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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