Milford Haven ( ; Welsh: Aberdaugleddau , meaning "mouth of two Cleddau Rivers" ) is a town and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The town is located on the north side of the Milford Haven Waterway, an estuary that forms a natural harbor that has been used as a harbor since the Middle Ages. The city was founded in 1790 on the north side of the Waterway, from which it takes its name. Designed for a grid pattern, originally intended by founder Sir William Hamilton, to become a whaling center, although in 1800 it developed as a Royal Navy shipyard which remained until the shipyard was transferred to Pembroke in 1814. It later became a commercial dock, with focus moved in the 1960s, after the construction of an oil refinery built by Esso Company, to logistics for fuel oil and liquefied gas. In 2010 the city port has become the fourth largest in the United Kingdom in terms of tonnage, and plays an important role in the energy sector of the United Kingdom with several oil refineries and one of the largest LNG terminals in the world.
Being the second largest settlement in Pembrokeshire, with a population of 12,830, and 13,086 people in six community boundaries, Milford Haven is the most populous in the area. The Milford Haven community covers an area of ​​1,573 hectares (6.07Ã, sqÃ, mi) and includes Milford Central, East, Hakin, Hubberston, North and West.
Haven's natural harbor is known as a safe haven and exploited for several historic military operations throughout the second millennium. Campaigns conducted from Haven included part of Henry II's Invasion of Ireland in 1171 and Cromwell's own attack on Ireland in 1649, while troops who had descended on that point included Jean II de Rieux's 1405 Glynd reinforcement? R Rising. In 1485, the future of Henry VII landed near his birthplace at Mill Bay before marching to England.
Video Milford Haven
History
The city of Milford was founded in 1793, after Sir William Hamilton obtained the Parliament Act of 1790 to establish a port in Milford, and took its name from the natural harbor of Milford Haven, used for several hundred years as a staging point on the sea trip to Ireland and as a refuge by Viking. It's known as a safe port and is mentioned in Shakespeare Cymbeline as the "blessed Milford". It was used as a basis for several military operations, such as Richard de Clare's invasion of Leinster in 1167, Invasion of Henry II in Ireland in 1171, and the invasion of Oliver Cromwell in 1649 in Ireland; while troops who had descended on that point included Jean II de Rieux 1405 that strengthened Glynd? R Rising and Henry VII's 1485 landed in the waters before marching in England. At the end of the 18th century, two local tributaries were used to load and unload goods, and the surrounding neighborhoods were erected, including the medieval chapel, and Summer Hill Farm, the only man-made building on Milford's future site.
Sir William Hamilton, the founder of the city, obtained land from his wife, Catherine Barlow of Slebech. His nephew, Your Majesty. Charles Francis Greville, invited seven Quaker families from Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard to settle in a new town and develop a whaling fleet. In 1800, after the bankruptcy of the contractor of the ship's construction Jacobs & The children, who had set up their shipyard there in 1797, he persuaded the Navy Council's supervisor, Jean-Louis Barralier, to lease sites for the Navy Council and develop shipyards to build warships. Seven royal ships were finally launched from the shipyard, including HMS Surprise and HMS Milford . The city is built on a grid pattern, allegedly for the design of Jean-Louis Barrallier, who remains responsible for the construction of the ship there for the Navy Council. Between 1801 and 1803, the city and waterways were protected by a temporary battery at Hakin Point and south of St. Katherine's Church, in response to threats that were felt after the Invasion of Fishguard.
A church was ordained in October 1808 and dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria in the eastern part of the underdeveloped city, it remained a chapel of convenience until 1891 when Milford became a parish, until then competing with St Peter and St Cewydd at Steynton. In the early 19th century, a letter coach operated between London and Hubberston, and in 1800 Milford and the short-lived Pembrokeshire Bank was founded by Thomas Phillips, operating from a branch in the city. It collapsed in 1810.
In 1814 the Royal Dockyard was transferred to Pembroke Dock; though, when Robert Fulke Greville inherited the land in 1824, a commercial dock began that became the home of a successful fishing industry. In 1849, Hakin district was described as a major boat-making center, and by 1906, Milford had become the sixth largest fishing port in Britain, and its population increased. The Pembrokeshire Herald claimed in 1912 that "fish trade is Milford's only industry.... city dwellers have doubled with it".
In 1863, the rail network came to Milford, linking it to the Haverfordwest line and beyond. In 1866, the work was completed on an additional extension that gave access to the dock and violating the ship's yard on the east side of the city. Between 1875 and 1886
In the late 1850s, work began on a network of fortresses on both sides of the estuary of Milford Haven, as a direct result of the Royal Commission on Defense of the British Empire. They were designed with the goal of defending England against the French invasion, although it was never used for this purpose. Important examples in the city are Fort Hubberstone in Gelliswick and Scoveston Fort in the northeast of the city.
In 1901, the city's population had reached 5,102, and in 1931 doubled to 10,104. The early twentieth century saw periods of increased urbanization of the region; in the period from the First World War to 1937, 312 council buildings were built, and public services, such as electricity supply and sewerage, were completed. The steep slope of the Rath is currently built, and in 1939 the Town Hall opened on Hamilton Terrace, at that time having a fire station. 1939 also saw the opening of an outdoor swimming pool in Rath.
During the Second World War Milford Haven was chosen as a base for allied American forces, and about 1,000 American military personnel stationed in the city at this time. They are manned amphibious bases that include hospitals built at Hakin and dock complexes in Newton Noyes. The base has a complement of 71 officers and 902 enlisted men, and plays rÃÆ'Â'le in preparation for D Day. Despite having strategic importance as a home of large fish markets, mine depots, hemp mills, and housing many military personnel, Milford escaped serious damage due to German bombings during the Second World War. In the summer of 1941 a bomb fell in a field near Priory Road, and later that year, a bomb damaged a house on Brooke Avenue. In the example there is no victim.
In 1960, the Esso Company finished working in an oil refinery near the city, which opened despite environmental objections. This was followed by similar developments by many other major oil companies over a 10-year period. In 1974, Milford could boast an oil trade of 58,554,000 tonnes, which is three times that of combined trade from all other ports in Wales. In 1996 the area made international headlines when the Sea Empress oil tanker ran aground, causing a huge oil spill. In the early 1980s, the Esso refinery was the second largest in the UK.
Toponymy
Milford Haven is the Anglicization of the old Scandinavian name "Melrfjordr" first applied to the waterway - Old Norse Melr , which means sand dune, and fjordr , meaning the fiord or channel entered, evolved into "Milford"; then the term "Haven" from the Germanic word Haven for port or port is added. The town is named after Milford after the waterway, and Haven was added later around 1868 when the train terminal was built. The Welsh for Milford Haven, "Aberdaugleddau", refers to the estuary which is the meeting point of the "Cleddau White River" (Afon Cleddau Wen) and "Black River Cleddau" (Afon Cleddau Ddu).
In Welsh, the term Aber is a parable of the river, then the description of the encounters of two rivers and forms the estuary. Also, Cleddau can refer to a weapon or tool that cuts the ground.
Maps Milford Haven
Geography and climate
The town of Milford Haven is located on the northern edge of the waters of Milford Haven, which is a valley or sunken. This is a landscape of wooded forested lowlands, creeks and mud plains. There are many losses and degradation of local mudflat habitat as a result of industrial and commercial developments - one study showed a 45 percent loss in the Hubberston Pill.
The city itself has a historic 18th and 19th centennial based on a grid pattern, located between Hubberston Pill and Castle Pill and extends inland for 500 meters (1,600 feet). Milford Haven's 20th century expansion took in several other settlements. Hakin and Hubberston are older, and are located west of the main city. Steynton is a medieval village in the north, no longer separated because of the expansion of the house. The Lower Priest, with remnants of a very early religious monk, is located in a natural valley near the village of Thornton.
Milford Haven enjoys a cool climate. Its proximity to the beach contributes to wet winters, but it enjoys more sun than most of Britain with about 1,600 hours of sunshine a year. This is comparable to most of Southern England. The nearest official Met Office weather station is at the Milford Haven Conservancy Board.
Government
The Milford Haven community covers an area of ​​1,573 hectares (6.07Ã, sqÃ, mi) and includes Milford Central, East, Hakin, Hubberston, North and West. The community has its own city council. The mayor is a Rose Gray Counselor (Mayor Rose) who serves his first term in office and Deputy Mayor is Terry Davies Counsel while the Mayor is Jonny Gray. Six wards consisting of the Milford Haven community each elect one of the council members to the Pembrokeshire County Council. Milford Haven was part of the historic area of ​​Pembrokeshire, removed in 1974, which was re-established as a unitary authority when the local government in Wales was reorganized in 1996. Between 1974 and 1996, Milford Haven was part of the Pembeleshire Preseli Dyfed district.
Milford Haven is part of the Pembeleshire Preseli National Assembly for the constituency of Wales and the constituents of the British Parliament. The local Assembly members are Paul Davies of the Conservative Party and the local Member of Parliament is Stephen Crabb, also a Conservative.
Economy
Milford Haven has experienced a history of boom and decline in shipbuilding, fishing, as a relhead and marine terminal. At the peak of the fishing boom, it is said that "every day is the day of payment". In 1921, 674 people were identified working in the fishing industry, the city's leading occupation, followed by transportation and communication with 600 employees. The development of the oil industry also helped to increase the city's wealth. However, the decline is as severe as the region, which is scheduled as 'depressed' in the interwar period. Over-fishing coupled with national economic factors contributes to a significant reduction in the fishing industry, resulting in smaller catches and fewer trawlers. In 1972, only twelve trawlers were registered at the port, and 1974 saw industrial and political action to salvage industry-related work. During the 1980s and 1990s, the unemployment rate sometimes reached 30%, and the major oil refining industry did not create more than 2,000 direct or indirect jobs. By the new millennium, his fortunes have increased, as can be seen in activities around the LNG terminal, and the accompanying new building works and its relationship to the controversial South Wales Gas Channel. In February 2003, the Pembrokeshire Council granted Petroplus outline planning permission to LNG storage depots at Waterston, and in March 2004 an additional site was approved in South Hook for ExxonMobil.
International tourism also increased, with the arrival of transatlantic vessels and the revenue they introduced to the city. 2012 sees 3,000 cruise ship passengers from six cruise ships landing at Milford, and the Port Authority estimates 5,000 by 2013. The transport channel carries 25% of Britain's need for motor fuel, and the port handles 53 million tonnes of deliveries in 2008, the largest port in Wales, and the sixth largest in the UK. There are two main commercial centers: Charles Street in the historic town center, and Havens Head Retail Park located at the foot of the dock area. In 2012, it was announced that the Milford waterway was declared an Enterprise Zone by the coalition government, due to its importance to the energy sector. In 2014, the Milford Haven Port Authority plan was inaugurated, proposing the transformation of the dock area into residential and commercial destinations, including hotel accommodation. In 2017 the Milford Haven Port Authority launches the Milford Waterway, which includes a marina re-branding and aims to encourage hotel, commercial and recreational development into the area. In November 2014 it was announced that Milford Haven Refinery, a large company in the area, would be transformed into a 'storage and distribution facility' with the loss of more than 300 jobs.
The postwar Milford Haven is not considered a promising location for tourism: a 1964 study commissioned by the district council highlighted the lack of nearby beaches, the proximity of the city with heavy industrialization, and lack of tourist facilities such as restaurants and hotels. However, in the 1980s, a series of steps to beautify certain parts of the city began. The outdoor swimming pool, which has been used for several years, turned into a water park and was officially opened in 1990 by Margaret Thatcher. In 1991, the High Ship Race came to Milford, and this coincided with the repair of the dock. Furthermore, it was renamed the marina, and a number of attractions including cafes, restaurants and retail outlets have sprung up. The tourist information center is located near local retail and museum parks, in an old custom house, focusing on the maritime history of the area.
Transport
The road system at the center of Milford Haven is based on a grid pattern. The main road to and from Milford Haven is A4076. At Johnston crossing with connecting A477 with Pembroke Dock and in Haverfordwest with A40. The route to Hakin and the west side of the city is along the A4076 via the Victorian Bridge above the dock.
The first railway line to Milford Haven was the completion of the South Wales Railway in 1856. Brunel had a vision of connecting London to New York via a train through Wales and then to the commuter port. The initial plan was to stop the line at Fishguard and to make the ferry service to Ireland, but after the failure to complete the Irish railway, the terminus was changed to New Milford, (Neyland), which was completed in April 1856. The first rail link directly to Milford Haven in 1863, which was originally conceived as a plan to make Milford impressive on the Manchester railroad. Trains that use the line are operated by the Great Western Railway that has financed the original railway section. Today the city is served by the Milford Haven railway station. The station, and all the trains serving, are operated by Arriva Trains Wales in the West Wales Strip. This is the terminus, and from here, the train departs every two hours to Manchester Piccadilly via Carmarthen, Swansea, and Cardiff Central.
Bus routes through town are operated by independent companies and subsidies of Pembrokeshire County Council. Services include City Circle, Haverfordwest, Pembroke Dock and St Davids. National Express operates services to London and Rochdale via Steynton.
Demographics
In the 1950s, the fishing industry was declining, and unemployment in the area had reached 11%. However, there has been a housing boom in the years after the Second World War. The District Council took advantage of recently revoked restrictions, and built more than 1,000 new homes to accommodate the population increase. "However, a new wave of hope is coming with the prospect of a booming oil industry, but the industry is not labor intensive, and does not provide large employment opportunities for the local population, in the 1970s employing only 2,000 workers. The nature of major construction projects means that workers are attracted from outside the local area, and the decline of the fishing industry to a certain extent is closed. However, this job is not permanent. When completing the construction of construction projects such as the Esso oil refinery and the Cleddau Bridge, those who decided to move to the city were confronted with what the Preseli District Council called in 1977 "serious unemployment problems in the area".
Milford Haven is not ethnically diverse, with 96.4% of people identifying themselves as whites, compared with 99.2% in 2001. 92.9% of people in Milford Central wards were born in the UK, and only 3.8% of the population which arrived much later than 2001. 96.3% of the population claimed English as their first language. 1.5% of the population identified as having religious views other than Christian denominations, including no religion.
Welsh language
Milford Haven is located within a geographical and historic area known as Little England Beyond Wales, which has largely been using English for centuries. Although this is the westernmost point of the country and part of the county furthest from the British border, a relatively small proportion of the public knows the Welsh language. In the 2011 census, only 7.5% of the population in the Milford Central ward claimed that they could speak, read and write the language, in contrast to the whole Pembrokeshire area where about 18% of the population can read, write and speak Welsh while in neighboring countries Carmarthenshire about 40% of people expressed the same level of fluency in Welsh. The local break from the Welsh language was highlighted in November 2008, when the Milford Haven Town Council failed to demand the right to opt out of a scheme in which official documents had to be translated into Welsh languages ​​if requested; the council was allegedly one of about 10 opposing having to make such a translation.
Architecture
Architecture in Milford Haven can be divided into about three periods of building area. The number of buildings that were before the official official foundation date in 1790 was scarce. This included medieval monks, and a 12th-century "news".
The initial phase of development from the late 18th century lies in the downtown area, three parallel streets Hamilton Terrace, Charles Street, and Robert Street. The three-storey Georgian domestic and commercial property is set along the north side of the main road through the city, and overlooks the harbor and waterway.
At the end of the 19th century, land directly above this central area was being developed. To accommodate the ever-increasing population, a row of built-up terraced houses, which gradually cover the northern area up to Marble Hall Road, and east to Pill, for example, including Shakespeare Avenue and Starbuck Road. The Great North Road takes the northern route that cuts the new district into two. The property inhabited by suburban and semi-separated residents grows on land overlooking the waters and along the streets of Steynton Road. Around the beginning of the 20th century, there was a recognized need to provide accommodation for poorer families. As a result, many former farmlands were purchased, and new House Housing was built. These are often housed in large houses, such as Howarth Close, Haven Drive, and The Glebelands Estate. They transformed the former countryside into an urban landscape, and greatly improved the Milford housing area. Plantation Board was built throughout the 20th century, one of the latest and greatest examples is The Mount Estate, which has been the site of a number of anti-social incidents.
Landmarks
Attractions in the city include Fort Hubberstone, built in 1863 to defend the Haven as part of a recommendation from the Royal Commission on Defense of the British Empire. Located in Gelliswick Bay, it occupies a prominent position west of the city overlooking Haven. Owned by the Milford Haven Port Authority, this site is currently not open to the public, and has been the scene of non-fatal injuries to intruders. In 2011 was named the fifth most threatened archaeological site in the UK by the British Archeology magazine. The ruins of an observatory, originally intended to be part of the "King George III College founded in Milford", can be found in Hakin. The building construction was abandoned in 1809. The Milford Haven Museum, located centrally in the dock area, is housed in the oldest building in town, the Custom House dating from 1797. Designed by Swansea architect, Jernigan, was built for the storage of whale oil awaiting delivery for sold in London.
The Rath is a beautiful path on the plateau, with a beautiful view of Heaven. The land was used in the 18th century as a weapon battery, and its eastern edge was the site of the Imperial fortress built by Charles I known as Fortress Pill. In the 1930s it became the home of an outdoor swimming pool, transformed into a water park in 1990. The Milford Haven Waterway is a natural harbor where the city stands and from which the city takes its name.
Culture and community
The Torch Theater, opened in 1977 and designed by local architect Monty Minter, is one of only three treasury theaters in Wales, and has its own independent theater company. The Pill Social Center, which operated since the 1950s, is a community hall and venue, having hosted The Who and Gerry and the Pacemakers. Annual events in the city include Pembrokeshire Fish Sunday in June, and a carnival in July. The Milford Haven Library, recently moved to Havens Head Retail Park, offers full lending and internet access services. The Milford Haven Museum, located on the marina, accommodates a collection that focuses on the city's maritime history.
The Milford & amp; West Wales Mercury weekly newspapers cover the territory of Milford Haven and West Pembrokeshire. Founded in 1992 and after merging an editorial team with those from Western Telegraph, its local office was closed in 2008. The city is also home to several charities, including PATCH and Gwalia. Mount Estate city provides the location for a BBC documentary entitled "The Mount: A Welsh Estate", which receives criticism locally for its role as a resident.
Milford Haven twins with Romilly-sur-Seine, France, and Uman, Ukraine.
Sports and leisure
The city has a number of places for sports and recreation. Milford Haven Leisure Center offers a range of facilities, including a 25 meter indoor swimming pool, squash and tennis courts, a bowls hall, and a dance studio. The Thornton Hall, located at Milford Haven School, features an indoor gym and artificial grass courts. There are rugby unions and association football clubs. Marine activities are centered around the marina and Pembrokeshire Yacht Club in Gelliswick, which began in 1923. There is a suburban golf club, founded in 1913
Milford Marina, a former dock site, re-branded in 1991 and offers retail facilities, city museums and entertainment. The Marina itself has 360 berths for private boats.
Education
Primary and pre-school education in Milford Haven is served by six elementary school infants and elementary schools and St. Francis, the Roman Catholic primary school. The town of Milford Haven is served by junior schools, Babies, and children's schools. Hakin's students can attend the Hakin Community School, an amalgamation of the Hakin and Hakin Infants and Nursery School Schools and the volunteer-controlled Church of Hubberston in Wales VC Nursery and Primary. Secondary education is provided by Milford Haven School, a large comprehensive school with enrollment of approximately 1200 students including the 6th form.
MITEC School from Boatbuilding & amp; Marine Engineering, a branch of Pembrokeshire College located at Milford Docks, offers courses in shipbuilding and marine engineering.
Places of worship
The people of Milford Haven in 2001 identified themselves as being under 1400 Christians from nearly 1900 in total. The earliest known religious building in the area was the Benedictine monastery, known as the Pill Priory, which was dissolved during the reign of Henry VIII. Other early buildings include St. Chapel. Thomas ÃÆ' Becket, a "flare church" later, built around the 12th century that fell into a ruined condition but has been re-concentrated in the 20th century.
The first religious building built after Milford Haven was established was St. Katharine's and St. Peter's, an Anglican church, is considered a city parish church because of its central position within the city and the fact that it was built by Charles Francis Greville, founder of Milford Haven. Other Anglican buildings include St. David's in Hubberston, St. Mary's (1927) and Church of the Holy Spirit (1971) at Hakin and St. Peter's and St. Cewydd's in Steynton. St. David's is a Norman church and is believed to be the oldest building in Milford that is still used regularly. St. Mary's was built in 1927 largely by funds from the local Hakin population.
In 2000, the church of St. Claires at Hakin closed, leaving a Roman Catholic church in Milford Haven, St. Francis of Assisi on Priory Road. Baptists gathered on the North Road Baptist Church which is one of the older religious buildings of the community, built in 1878. The Friends Meeting House (Quaker), built in 1811 by the original Quaker whale capture that was the center of early growth of the city, in Priory Road. Quakers traveled from distance around Pembroke to worship at Friends House.
Members of the Methodist Church and the Reformed Church of the United are now worshiping at Christ Church at Priory Road (formerly known as the Methodist Street Church opened in 1902). In recent years the church has assembled the Methodist Church at Milford Haven, Hakin Point and Waterston and the URC Tabernacle to form a new Local Ecumenical Partnership. The Tabernacle URC at Charles Street was built in 1910 by D. Edward Thomas & amp; Children. In 2011, when closed, the trial moved to their new home in Christ Church. The building is still used as a place of worship by the local Islamic community in the form of a mosque.
Famous people
View Category: People from Milford Haven
One of the prominent figures from the Milford Haven area is Howell Davis, a pirate born in 1680. He was shot dead in 1719 on the island of Práncipe in Portugal. Other notable residents who are connected as sailors include Isaac Davis, a former sailor involved in the feather trade between the Northwest Pacific and China. He became adviser to Kamehameha I and helped shape the Kingdom of Hawaii. Milford Haven has produced, or interestingly, some famous artists including Arthur Symons, poet, critic, and art editor of The Savoy magazine, born in the city in 1865, and Charles Norris, topographic artist, and writer Tenby History Account , who lived in Milford Haven from 1800 to 1810.
Featuring artists from Milford Haven including Helen Watts, a contralto who studied at the Royal Academy of Music and was awarded CBE in 1978, and singer-songwriter Sarah Howells, founding member of the band Paper Airplanes. The painter and actor George Winter ( Scum , Merlin of the Crystal Cave ) was born in the city. Actor Edward Palmer was born in Milford in 1910, then achieved success on television and movies at Witchfinder General, The Small Voice, Coronation Street, and Upstairs, Downstairs. Novelist Sarah Waters, though born in Neyland, attends Milford Haven Grammar School. Sir James Frederick Rees, born in 1883 and the son of a Hakin dock worker, pursued an academic career, became Principal of University College, Cardiff, and author of numerous historical texts, including The Story of Milford. Dorothy Meyler, born in 1908, joined the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1925, and later enjoyed successful teaching degrees at the university, in addition to publishing some academic work. Tailor and fashion designer Timothy Everest started his professional career working as sales assistant at the Hepworth branch in town. The sports figures include Robert Hughes, who in 2005 won the Wales National Darts Championship, and Andrew Salter, a batsman for Cardiff MCC University. Footballer Tommy Best plays as a center forward in the Football League for Chester City, Cardiff City and Queens Park Rangers. Another footballer from town is Marwood Marchant, who plays for Cardiff City and Torquay United. William Davies Evans, who since 1800 lives at Castle Pill with his family, is credited with the discovery of the famous Evans Gambit, debuting in 1826 in London at the defeat of Alexander McDonnell Rosalyn Wild, a town resident, achieving fame in 2011. for charity work.
Milford Haven is also connected to prominent military personalities, such as Charles George Gordon, an officer and administrator of the British Army, who is remembered for his campaigns in China and northern Africa. For two years living in Pembroke, he prepared a plan for the fortification of Milford Haven. Of those born in the city, Hubert William Lewis was awarded the Victoria Cross for courageous acts during the First World War. W.G. "Gugs" Gwilliam was awarded the Extraordinary Medal Medal for courageous acts while serving on the HMS Exeter ship during the Battle of the River Plate. Other residents included Robert Fulke Greville and his uncle Charles Francis Greville, who upgraded and expanded Milford Haven as a more commercial and modern settlement, and John Zephaniah Holwell, a surgeon employed by the British East India Company and survived the Black Hole of Calcutta had a "Castle Hall" in the 1770s. Samuel Lake is remembered for his ambitious efforts to complete Milford Docks for £ 80,000 in just seven months in 1880, and the subsequent bankruptcy of 1883 which delayed the actual settlement for several years. The ecclesiastical figure to be famous in the city is Frederick Ebenezer Lloyd, an independent Catholic bishop who contributed to the early development of the American Catholic Church. He led this organization as Primate and Metropolitan from 1920 until his death in 1933.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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