Beaumont ( "English respelling pronunciation"> BOH -mont ) is a city in and county seat of Jefferson County, Texas in the United States, within the Metropolitan Area of ​​Beaumont-Port Arthur. Located in Southeast Texas on the Neches River about 90Ã, mi (140 km) east of Houston (downtown to the city center), Beaumont has a population of 118,296 at the time of the 2010 census, making it the twenty-fourth largest city in the state of Texas.
Beaumont was founded as a city in 1835. Early European-American settlements had an economy based on the development of timber, agricultural and port industries. In 1892, Joseph Eloi Broussard opened the first commercially successful rice mill in the state, encouraging the development of rice agriculture in the area; he also started an irrigation company (since 1933 established as Lower Neches Valley Authority) to support rice culture. Rice became an important commodity crop in Texas, and is now cultivated in 23 districts.
Major changes occurred in 1901 with the spindletop gusher, which showed the potential of large oilfields. With Spindletop, several energy companies are being developed in Beaumont, and some continue. The area is growing rapidly as one of the major petrochemical purification areas in the country. Together with Port Arthur and Orange, Beaumont forms the Golden Triangle, the main industrial area on the Texas Gulf Coast.
Beaumont is the home of Lamar University, a Carnegie National Carnegie Research university with 14,966 students, including students and postgraduates. Over the years, several companies have been headquartered in this city, including Gulf States Utilities headquartered in Beaumont until the takeover by Entergy Corporation in 1993. GSU's Edison Plaza's headquarters is still the tallest building in Beaumont (in 2017).
Video Beaumont, Texas
History
In 1824 Noah and Nancy Tevis settled on the west bank of the Neches River and built a farm. Soon after, a small community grew up around the farm, named Tevis Bluff or Neches River Settlement . In 1835, Tevis land, together with the closest community of Santa Anna (in total, 50 acres (20 ha)), was purchased by Henry Millard (1796? -1844), Joseph Pulsifer (1805) -1861) , and Thomas Byers Huling (1804-1865). They began to plan a city to be organized in this land. Their partnership, J.P. Pulsifer and Company, controlled the first 50 acres (200,000 m 2 ) that became the cornerstone of the city. The city is named Beaumont, after Jefferson Beaumont, brother-in-law Henry Millard. They added more property with a total of 200 hectares.
Beaumont became a city on December 16, 1838. The first mayor in Beaumont was Alexander Calder. From the establishment of the city in 1835, business activities included real estate, transportation, and retail sales. Later, other businesses were formed, especially in rail construction and operation, new building construction, timber sales, and communications. Port of Beaumont became a successful regional shipping center. Beaumont is a small center for cattle ranchers and farmers in the early years. With an active river in the 1880s, this became an important wood and rice milling town. It exports rice as a commodity crop.
The Beaumont Rice Mill, founded in 1892 by Joseph Eloi Broussard, was the first successful commercial rice mill in Texas. In addition, Broussard established a company to operate the irrigation system to support rice culture. (This became a public institution, Lower Neches Irrigation Authority.) This helped stimulate the expansion of rice cultivation from 1500 hectares in 1892 to 400,000 hectares in 23 districts by his death in 1956. The Beaumont wood boom, which culminated in the late 19th century, stimulated by rebuilding and expanding railroads in states and territories after the Civil War.
The emergence of the Beaumont factory economy attracted many new residents to the city, many of them immigrants. The first Jews in the city were from Louisiana, others migrated from the South, and joined immigrants. They work as traders and in various jobs in urban areas and growing farms. In 1895 the Jews formed their first trial. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was served by the South Pacific; Kansas City Southern, Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe; and the Missouri Pacific rail system.
Oil was discovered in the nearest Spindletop on 10 January 1901. The spindletop became the first major oil field and one of the largest in American history. With the discovery of oil in Spindletop, the population of Beaumont more than tripled in two months from 9,000 in January 1901 to 30,000 in March 1901. Oil is, and always is, the city's main export, and a major contributor to the national GDP..
William Casper Tyrrell, nicknamed "Captain W.C.", was a prominent businessman and oil tycoon in this city in the early 20th century, developing business during the Texas Oil Boom. An entrepreneur from Pennsylvania and Iowa, he arrived after excavations at Spindletop, and invested in the development of a commercial port in the city, and an irrigation system to support the local rice industry, as well as the construction of suburban housing and retail properties. He is also a philanthropist. He bought and donated the First Baptist Church, whose congregation moved into a new facility, to be used as the city's first public library, now known as the Tyrell Historical Library.
As the city became a major center for defense shipbuilding during World War II, tens of thousands of rural Texas residents migrated there for new high-paying jobs. The Roosevelt government ordered the defense industry to be integrated, and many Southern white people worked with blacks for the first time. Rare housing in crowded cities, and racial tensions are rising. In June 1943 after workers at the Pennsylvania shipyard in Beaumont learned that a white woman accused a black man raped her, nearly 2,000 people went to jail where a suspect was detained, attracted more men along the road and reached a total of 4,000. In the end the white masses riot for three days, destroying large black environments and killing five people. No one is sued for death. The unrest in Beaumont is one of several in 1943 based in the defense industry, including Los Angeles, Detroit, Chicago and Mobile, Alabama and other cities across the country. The wartime social disorder is similar to the riots of war time that occurred in other parts of the country during and after World War I.
In the postwar years, the port of Beaumont is increasingly important. As is typical with other cities, post-war highway construction leads to the development of new suburbs and the spread of the population to find new housing. Recently, there have been some updates at Downtown Beaumont and in other areas of the city.
In 1996, the Jefferson County trial, located in Beaumont, became the country's first court to apply electronic archiving and court document services. This eliminates the need for law firms to print and deliver reams of documents.
In 2005 and 2008, Beaumont and surrounding areas suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Rita and Hurricane Ike, respectively. Evacuation must be issued before the second storm.
In August 2017, Beaumont and surrounding areas experienced severe flooding due to Hurricane Harvey. Due to the flood, the Memorial Hospital Hermann Baptist evacuated all the highest acuity patients with the help of the National Guard helicopter. In addition, many Beaumont residents must be rescued by boats and helicopters as a result of the floods. Until February 2018, many residents in the area are still trying to recover from the storm.
Maps Beaumont, Texas
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​85.9 square miles (222Ã, km 2 ), of which 85.0 square miles (220Ã, km 2 ) is ground and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km 2 ) (1.07%) is water.
Beaumont is located on the coastal plain of Texas, about 30 miles (48 km) inland from the Gulf of Mexico, an hour's drive east of Houston, and just south of the dense East Texas pine forest. The city is bordered to the east by the Neches River and to the north by Pine Island Bayou. Before it is completed, the area is punctuated by many small streams. Most of these streams have been filled or changed for drainage purposes. The island just opposite Riverfront Park is called Trinity Island. There are also three other islands in the Neches River around the city/harbor: Harbor, Smith, and Clark.
Climate
The city of Beaumont is in a humid subtropical climate regime, and is within the Piney Woods region of eastern Texas. The area around Beaumont receives the most rainfall in the state: more than 48 inches (1,200 mm) every year. Summer in this area is usually hot and humid, due to the humidity that flows into the mainland off the Gulf of Mexico. Winter is usually kept light by warm bay waters. The storm is also a threat to the region. Hurricane Rita in 2005 and Hurricane Ike in 2008 caused significant damage. Hurricane Harvey in 2017 caused historic floods throughout the city.
On August 18, 2009, a tornado hit the western side of Beaumont, causing damage to the car and some local businesses. Injuries are minimal.
Although winter rainfall is unusual, it does happen. The most recent winter event occurred December 8, 2017 when Southeast Texas Regional Airport recorded 3 inches of snowfall. December 11, 2008 and December 4, 2009 are also the days when Beaumont saw measurable snowfall. The snow also fell across the Beaumont region on Christmas Eve 2004. In January 1997, a severe and historic ice storm struck the area, leaving thousands without power and damage to a large tree behind it. In an unofficial record, Beaumont received as many as 30 inches of snow during the February 1895 snowstorm that affected the Gulf Coast.
The Beaumont-Port Arthur region has historically been described as one of the most polluted urban areas in the United States due to various energy industries and chemical plants in the area. However, in July 2014, the Beaumont-Port Arthur region was not under the limits of non-achievement of Environmental Protection; However, areas in the Greater Houston area, the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, and El Paso are located. In October 2014, the Beaumont-Port Arthur area was not under the Texas Commission about the time limit for environmental quality achievements. Regardless, according to an article published in 2007 focusing on Port Arthur, a neighboring town in southeastern Beaumont, pollution is believed to have caused some local residents to become sick. This has generated debate throughout the local media.
Demographics
At the 2010 census, there were 118,296 people, 45,648 households, and 28,859 families living in the city. Population density was 1,339.4 people per square mile (517.2/km²). There are 48,815 housing units with an average density of 574.2 per square mile (221.7/km²). Urban racial makeup is 33.5% non-Hispanic White, 47.3% African American, 0.0% Native Americans, 3.3% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islanders, 7.1% of other races, and 2.0% of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino from any race is 13.4% of the population.
There were 45,648 households where 28.9% had children under 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 19.2% had unmarried female households present, and 36.8% is not family. 30.7% of all households are individual and 10.0% have a person who lives alone aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the city, the population is spread by 28.3% age 19 or below, 8.5% from 20 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% aged 65 years or older. The median age was 34.4 years. For every 100 women, there are 95 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 92.7 men.
The average income for households in the city is $ 39,699, according to the American Community Survey (5 years), and the average income for families is $ 49,766. The per capita income for the city is $ 23,137. Approximately 17.6% of families and 22.1% of the population are below the poverty line.
Economy
According to Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2014, the top companies in the city are:
An important element of the region's economy is Port of Beaumont, the country's fourth largest port by tonnage. 842d Transportation Battalion, and 596 Transportation Groups are both stationed at the port at Beaumont.
In addition to the companies doing business within the city limits, several major industrial facilities are located within the boundaries of the five-mile-long extraterritorial jurisdiction of the city including the refinery and ExxonMobil Beaumont chemical plant, Goodyear Beaumont chemical plant, and the DuPont chemical plant.
Downtown Beaumont is the business, government and nightlife hub of southeast Texas. The city center features Crockett Street Entertainment Complex with entertainment options ranging from dancing to live music to dining or bars. In addition to nightlife center is also equipped with a museum district with five different museums.
The sports teams from Lamar University compete in the athletic division I NCAA as Lamar Cardinals . The athletic program is a full member of the Southland Conference. The Cardinals and Lady Cardinals compete in 17 sports. The Cardinals Basketball team played at the Montagne Center and the Cardinal Baseball Team played at the Vincent-Beck Stadium.
The University brought back football in 2010. As part of its comeback, Provost Umphrey Stadium has been completely renovated. The return was official when the Cardinals Football team played its first game in 21 years in the fall of 2010. The team currently competes in the Southland Conference as a member of the NCAA Division's Football Division I Division (formerly Division I-AA).
Government
Local government
According to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of 2015, these city funds have $ 219.0 million in revenue, $ 202.8 million in expenditures, $ 900.1 million in total assets, $ 586.8 million in total liabilities, and $ 202.2 million in cash and investments.
Politics
Beaumont is a form of government council of government. Elections are held annually, with the Mayor and members of the Board each serving a two-year period. All City forces are held in the Council, which enacts local laws, adopts budgets, and determines policy. The Council is also responsible for appointing City Attorney, City Clerk and Magistrates, and City Manager. The city council consists of two elected councilors in general, and four members of each council are elected from single-member districts, four municipal areas.
Country facilities
The Texas Transportation Department operates the Beaumont District Office in Beaumont.
The Ninth Court of Texas Appeal is located in the Jefferson County Courthouse in Beaumont. The Justice Department of Texas (TDCJ) operates the Beaumont District Liberation Office in Beaumont. The Texas Department of Corrections operates three facilities of various types of detainees in areas unrelated to Jefferson County, with a total capacity of about 7500 inmates.
Federal facility
The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Beaumont Federal Correctional Complex in an unrelated area in Jefferson County, south of Beaumont.
Education
Colleges and universities
Lamar University
Beaumont has a state university, Lamar University, owned by The Texas State University System. Lamar University was founded in 1923 as South Park Junior College . Universities are currently classified as national universities. It is also classified as a University of Doctoral Research by the Carnegie Foundation. With over 100 degrees offered, the university's main academic offer is Business, Nursing, Teaching and Engineering. The enrollment of Lamar University has grown tremendously in the first decade of the 21st century. This has prompted an explosion of buildings on campus. School enrollment in Autumn 2015 is over 14,966 students.
Lamar Technology Institute
Lamar Institute of Technology, located adjacent to Lamar University, serves as a technical college in the region for a two-year degree and certificate. Originally part of Lamar University and its predecessor since 1923, the Lamar Institute of Technology was hired in 1949 when Bill College Lamar was passed. The bill was sponsored in the Texas Legislature by State Representative Jack Brooks and Senator W.R. Cousins, Jr. from Beaumont. Lamar Institute of Technology became a separate entity in 1995. In Autumn 2014, enrollment reached 2,920 students.
Primary and secondary schools
Beaumont is served by the Beaumont Independent School District.
SMA
- SMA West Brook
- SMA Beaumont United
Harmony Science Academy of Beaumont, public charter school. Premier High School of Beaumont, also a public charter school in Beaumont.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Beaumont manages three Catholic primary schools in Beaumont, St. Anne Catholic School, St. Catholic School Anthony Cathedral, and Our Mother of Mercy Catholic School. Monsignor Kelly Catholic High School is a Catholic high school in town. Legacy Christian Academy, on Highway 105, enrolled PK-3 through grade 12. All Saints Episcopal School, in Delaware St., enrolled Kindergarten until grade 8.
Media
Newspapers
The Beaumont Enterprise is the only daily newspaper serving Beaumont. Operating since 1880 Enterprise is one of the oldest businesses operated continuously in Beaumont. It is operated by Hearst Corporation. Two weekly publications The Examiner and The Southeast Texas Record serve Beaumont and the area. The primary examiner is an investigative reporting paper. Southeast Texas Record is a legal journal covering Jefferson and Orange County courts.
Television
- KBTV (FOX) 4.1 with BOUNCE on 4.2; RF Channel 40
- KFDM (CBS)/DT 6.1 with (CW Network on 6.2) RF channel 25/PSIP 6.x; KBTV is operated by the same owner of KFDM, Sinclair Broadcast Group.
- KBMT (ABC)/DT 12.1 with (NBC) at 720p at 12.2; 12/PSIP 12.x RF Channel with Cozi on 12.3 and MeTV on 12.4. Tegna has KBMT.
- KEBQ-TV 9 (Soul Of The South)
- KUMY-TV 22
- KITU-TV (TBN) 34,1 - 34,5; RF channel 33
- KUIL-LD/K36ID LMAed by KBMT/London from KVHP; RF Channel 43/36 and PSIP 12.5/.6 with MyTV on 12.5
- LUTV Lamar University video service that provides C-SPAN coverage on local governance processes, and genuine programming from students. It has no air ducts and is only available on cable TV.
This region does not currently have its own PBS station; The Criminal Code on channel 8 and TOS on channel 20 (Louisiana Public Broadcast affiliate) did not reach the area. The Criminal Code has a construction permit for a digital translator on RF 24, which will share the KFDM antenna at 25 but the University of Houston has experienced financial cuts and recently scrapped a translator application in Victoria. What these results will be on the Beaumont facility remains to be seen.
Radio
Transportation
Jack Brooks Regional Airport (CPT), located 9 miles (14 km) south of Beaumont business center, serves the region with nonstop jet regional flights to Dallas/Fort Worth Airport (DFW), Texas with this scheduled passenger service operated by American Eagle on behalf of American Airlines. The Beaumont Municipal Airport (BMT) near the western city limits is available for general aviation.
Amtrak's Sunset Limited serves Beaumont railway station.
The city operates the Beaumont City Transit System, a so-called city bus system (BMT).
Main road
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Famous people
For a complete list of people associated with Beaumont, Texas, see: People from Beaumont, Texas
Architecture
Beaumont has 8 buildings over 100 feet (30 m) high, the highest being Edison Plaza, which is 254 feet (77 m) tall. The old Edson Hotel, built in 1928 is almost as tall at 240 feet (73 m). One of the most prominent city center buildings is the 15 storey San Jacinto Building. Built in 1921, it becomes one of the four largest faced clock towers in the country, each having a diameter of 17 feet (5.2 m). In 1922, the 11-story Beaumont Hotel was built across the street from San Jacinto. The Beaumont Hotel has a resemblance to the old Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta. The second oil boom in 1925 brought more people and wealth to Beaumont, the same year the 12th-floor American National Bank Building (now the Orleans House), was founded, and in 1926 Forrest Goodhue built a 12-storey Goodhue Building that included a penthouse.. In 1928, Hotel Edson was built. No other building was built until the Century Tower in 1962 and in 1982 Edison Plaza was built. In 1994, the 12-storey LaSalle Hotel, built in 1927, was demolished.
Jefferson Theater was built in 1927 by Jefferson Amusement Company for $ 1 million and is a Beaumont exhibition for many years. In 1928 the City Hall and Auditorium were built. Now it's Julie Rogers Theater.
Jefferson County Courthouse Court is one of the highest court buildings in the state and is an excellent example of Art Deco architecture. Across the street from the Jack Brooks Federal Building is the Kyle Building, built in 1933. The storefront was recently refurbished and is considered one of the best examples of Zig-Zag architecture in Texas.
The Oaks Historic District has many historic homes that have been restored.
See also
- List of museums in East Texas
- List of tallest buildings in Beaumont
References
Further reading
- "Banking in Beaumont 1960-2006", History and Biography of Texas Gulf (Nov 2007), Vol. 43, pp 2-6; Checked the banking system since the 1960s and the effects of the Holding Company Act One Bank of 1970.
- Burran, James A. "Violence in 'Arsenal Democracy': The Beaumont Race Riot, 1943", East Texas Historical Journal, 1976 Vol. 14, Iss.1, Article 8, available at ScholarWorks
- Faucett, William T. "Shipbuilding at Beaumont during World War II", Texas History and Biography of the Bay 2005 41: 55-65.
- Linsley, Judith Walker; Rienstra, Ellen Walker; and Stiles, Jo Ann. Giant under the Hill: A History of the Spindletop Oil Discovery in Beaumont, Texas, in 1901 (Austin: Texas State Hist.Assoc., 2002). 304 pp.
- Looscan, Adele B. "Elizabeth Bullock Huling," Historical Historical Quarterly 11 (July 1907).
- Martin, Madeleine. Earlier Families of Southeast Texas (Quanah, Texas: Nortex, 1978).
- Schaadt, Robert L. "The Business of Beaumont Before 1880," Texas Gulf History and Biographical Note 2006 42: 34-53.
External links
- Beaumont City
- Beaumont Convention and Visitor Bureau
- In Southeast Texas - In-depth view of events & amp; incident
- Main Street Beaumont, Celebrating City Center
- Beaumont Civic Center Complex.
- Beaumont, TX in City-Data.com
- The Triplex Society of Islam Inc.
- Oxford City F.C. From Texas
- Ã, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Beaumont". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica . 3 (issue 11). Cambridge University Press. p.Ã, 598.
- Ã, Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Beaumont, Texas". New Student Reference Work . Chicago: FE Compton and Co.
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