Canvas is a very durable, woven fabric that is used to make screens, tents, tents, backpacks, and other items necessary for robustness. It is also popularly used by artists as painting surfaces, usually stretched across wooden frames. It is also used in fashion items such as handbags, electronic device cases, and shoes.
Modern canvas are usually made of cotton or linen, although historically made of hemp. This is different from other heavy cotton fabrics, such as denim, for plain weave rather than woven fabric. Canvas comes in two basic types: plain and duck. The yarn on the duck canvas is more closely interwoven. The term duck is derived from the Dutch word for cloth, doek . In the United States, canvas is classified in two ways: weight (ounces per square page) and with graded number system. The numbers walk upside-down from the weight so that the number 10 canvas is lighter than the number 4.
Video Canvas
Etimologi
The word "canvas" comes from the 13th century Anglo-French canevaz and the Ancient French canevas . Both may be derivatives of the Latin Vulgar cannapaceus for "made of hemp," derived from the Greek ??????? ? (marijuana).
Maps Canvas
To paint
Canvas has become the most common supporting medium for oil paintings, replacing wood panels. It was used from the 14th century in Italy, but rarely. One of the most durable oils on canvas is the French Madonna with angels from about 1410 in GemÃÆ'¤ldegalerie, Berlin. Its use in Saint George and the Dragon by Paolo Uccello in about 1470, and Sandro Botticelli's Birth of Venus in the 1480s are still unusual for that period. Big paintings for rural homes seem more likely to be on canvas, and perhaps less likely to survive. It's much cheaper than panel painting, and sometimes shows paintings that are considered less important. At Uccello, the armor does not use a silver leaf, as his other paintings do (and the color remains un-degraded). Other general categories of painting on light fabrics such as linen are distemper or glue, often used for banners to be carried in the procession. This is a less durable medium, and survival examples such as Dirk Bouts' Entombment , in distemper on linen (1450, National Gallery) are rare, and often slightly faded in appearance.
Painting panels remain more common until the 16th century in Italy and the 17th century in Northern Europe. Mantegna and Venetian artists are among those who lead change; Canvas venetian sailing is readily available and considered to be the best quality.
The canvas usually stretches across a wooden frame called a stretcher and may be coated with a gesso before use; this is to prevent the oil paint in direct contact with the canvas fibers, which in turn will cause the canvas to rot. A traditional and flexible limestone thunder consists of lead carbonate and flaxseed oil, applied on the ground of rabbit skin glue; variations using white pigments of titanium and calcium carbonate are somewhat fragile and susceptible to cracking. Because lead-based paint is toxic, care should be taken in using it. A variety of commercially available and more flexible alternative canvases are available commercially, the most popular being synthetic latex paints comprising titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate, bonded with thermo-plastic emulsions. Many artists have painted on canvas without coating materials, such as Jackson Pollock, Kenneth Noland, Francis Bacon, Helen Frankenthaler, Dan Christensen, Larry Zox, Ronnie Landfield, Color Field painter, Lyrical Abstractionists and others. Acrylic paint coloration to duck cotton canvas cloth is more benign and less damaging to canvas cloth than the use of oil paint. In 1970, artist Helen Frankenthaler commented on the use of her coloration:
When I first started painting stains, I left a lot of unpainted canvas areas, I think, because the canvas itself acted as strongly and positively as paint or line or color. In other words, the soil is part of the medium, so instead of thinking of it as a negative background or space or empty space, the area does not need paint because it has paint next to it. The problem is deciding where to leave it and where to fill it and where to say this does not need another line or other color bucket. It says it in outer space.
Early canvas made of linen, a sturdy brown fabric with considerable strength. Linen is very suitable for the use of oil paint. At the beginning of the 20th century, cotton canvas, often referred to as "cotton ducks", began to be used. Linens are made up of higher quality materials, and remain popular among professional artists, especially those who work with oil paints. Duck cotton, which stretches more fully and has a uniform mechanical weave, offers a more economical alternative. The appearance of acrylic paint has greatly increased the popularity and use of duck cotton canvas. Linen and cotton come from two completely different plants, hemp plants and cotton plants, respectively.
A gessoed canvas on a stretcher is also available. They are available in various weights: light weight is about 4 oz (110 g) or 5 oz (140 g); medium-weight is about 7 oz (200 g) or 8 oz (230 g); the weights are about 10 oz (280 g) or 12 oz (340 g). They are ready with two or three layers of gesso and ready for immediate use. Artists who want more control over the surface of their paintings can add one or two gesso coats to their liking. Professional artists who want to work on canvas can prepare their own canvas in the traditional way.
One of the most notable differences between modern painting techniques and the works of the Flemish and Dutch Masters is in the preparation of the canvas. The "modern" technique utilizes the texture of the canvas as well as the texture of the paint itself. The renaissance gentlemen took extreme measures to ensure that no texture of the canvas appeared. This requires months of dissolving process to coat the raw canvas with white paint (usually), then polish the surface, and then repeat it. The end product has little resemblance to the fabric, but it has a glossy finish, like enamel.
With properly-prepared canvas, the painter will discover that each subsequent color layer slips by "butter", and that with the right application consistency (fat over lean technique), a painting that is completely without brushstrokes can be achieved. A warm iron was applied over a piece of wet cotton to flatten the wrinkles.
Canvas can also be printed using special digital printers or offsets to create canvas prints. This inkjet digital printing process is popularly referred to as GiclÃÆ'Â © e. Once printed, the canvas can be wrapped on a stretcher and displayed.
For embroidery
Canvas is a popular basic fabric for embroidery such as cross stitches and Berlin wool work. Some special types of embroidery canvas are Aida cloth (also called Java canvas), Penelope canvas, Chess canvas, and Binca canvas. Plastic canvas is a more rigid form of BNB canvas.
As a combined agent
From the 13th century onwards, the canvas was used as a cover layer on Pavise's shield. The canvas was applied to Pavise's wood surfaces, covered with several layers of gesso and often painted very thickly in tempera techniques. Finally, the surface is sealed with transparent varnish. While the gessoed canvas is a perfect painting surface, the main purpose of the canvas application is probably the reinforcement of the wood shield corpus in a manner similar to that of modern glass reinforced plastic.
Canvas split up, canvas boards and stretched canvas
Separated canvas is different from the traditional side-stapler canvas on the canvas attached to the spline on the back of the frame. This allows the artist to combine the painted tip into the artwork itself without staples on the side, and the artwork can be displayed without a frame. Separated canvas can be damaged by adjusting the spline.
Stapler lips stay longer, but it's harder to stretch back when needed.
Canvas boards are made of stretched canvas and taped to cardboard backing, and sealed on the back. Canvas is usually prime linen for certain paint types. They are mainly used by artists for quick learning.
Type
- Dyed canvas
- Fireproof canvas
- Printed canvas
- stripe canvas
- Waterproof canvas
- Waterproof canvas
- Flowering canvas
- Rolled canvas
Products
- Wood-and-canvas canoes (see canvas photo is stretched out in the canoe)
- Bags, including canvas lined (eg Goyard)
- Cover and tarpaulins
- Shoes (eg Converse, Vans, Keds)
- Tent
- Martial arts uniforms (eg Tokaido, Shureido, Judogi)
See also
- Canvas prints
- Eisengarn
- Sea canvas
- Plastic canvas
References
- Gordon, Dillian, National Gallery Catalog (new series): Italian Painting of the 15th Century , Volume 1, 2003, ISBNÃ, 1857092937
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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