Tie-dye is a modern term invented in the mid-1960s in the United States (but recorded in writing in earlier forms in 1941 as "bound-and-dyed", and 1909 as "bound and dyed "by Charles E. Pellew, referenced below for a set of ancient resist-dyeing techniques, and for the products of these processes.The tie-dye process usually consists of folding, twisting, folding, or squeezing or garment fabrics and binding with rope or rubber bands, followed by dye application (s).The manipulation of fabrics prior to dye applications is called resisting, as they partially or completely prevent the dye applied from dyeing fabrics.The more sophisticated tie dye involves additional steps, including the initial application of dye before the resist , sequential and step-by-step dye, and other resistant (stitching, stencil) and disposal types.
Unlike ordinary staining techniques, tie-dye is characterized by the use of bright and saturated base colors and thick patterns. These patterns, including spiral marks, mandalas, and peace, and the use of bold colors, have become cliches since the peak of the popularity of tie-dye in the 1960s and 1970s. Most of the tie-dyes produced today use this design, and many are mass-produced for wholesale distribution. However, renewed interest in the more sophisticated tie-dye appears in the fashion industry, characterized by simple motifs, monochromatic color schemes, and focus on fashionable clothing and fabrics other than cotton. Some artists continue to pursue tie-dye as an art form rather than a commodity.
Video Tie-dye
Dyes, fabrics, and release agents
Various dyes can be used in tie dyeing, including household dyes, reactive fibers, acids, and vats. Most early tie-dyes (1960s) were made with retail household dyes, especially those made by Rit. To be effective on different fibers, these dyes consist of several different dyes, and are thus less effective, and more likely to bleed and fade, than pure dyes designed for certain fibers. This is the basis for the famous 'pink socks' phenomenon that occurs when the fabric is dyed with mixed dyes washed with other clothing. Most tie-dyes are now stained with reactive dyes Procion MX fiber, an effective dye class on cellulose fibers such as cotton, hemp, rayon, and linen. This dye class reacts with fiber at an alkaline pH (high), forming fast and fast fixed bands. Soda ash (sodium carbonate) is the most commonly used agent for raising the pH and initiating the reaction, and is added directly to the dye, or in aqueous solution where the clothing is soaked before dyeing. Dye dyes are relatively safe and easy to use, and the same dye is used commercially to dye cellulosic fabrics.
Protein-based fibers such as silk, wool, and fur, as well as synthetic polyamide fibers, nylon, can be dyed with acid dyes. As expected from its name, acid dyes are effective at acidic pH (low), where they form ionic bonds with fiber. Acid dyes are also relatively safe (some are used as food coloring) and are easy to use. Dye dyes, including tilapia, are effective third-rate dyes on cellulosic fibers and silk. The dye is insoluble in water in an un-reduced form, and the vat dye must be chemically reduced before it can be used to dye the fabric. This is done by heating the dye in a basic solution of sodium hydroxide (alkali) or sodium carbonate (acoustic potassium) containing reducing agents such as sodium hydrosulfite or thiourea dioxide. The fabric is immersed in a dye solution, and after removal of oxidation vat dyes into an insoluble form, binding at high velocity to the fiber. However, vat dyes, and especially tilapia, should be treated after dyed with 'soap' to prevent dyeing (crocking) dyes. Dye dyes can be used to color the fabric simultaneously and to remove reactive dyes of the fibers (ie, can dye yellow black cotton fabrics) due to the bleaching action of the immersion bath (see below). Extra complexity and safety issues (especially when using strong bases like alkali) limit the use of dye in tie-dye for experts.
The discharge agent is used to whiten the color of the previously dyed fabric, and can be used as a reverse tie-dye, where agent applications cause color loss rather than application. Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) can be used to release reactive dyes of fibers in bleach-proof fibers such as cotton or hemp (but not on wool or silk), although the results vary, as some reactive dyes fibers are more resistant to bleach than others. It is important to whiten only as long as necessary to get the desired color (which will be lighter than observed on a wet cloth, not washed), and neutralize bleach with agents such as sodium bisulfite, to prevent damage to the fibers. Tiourea dioxide is another commonly used release agent that can be used on cotton, wool, or silk. The thiourea dioxide disposal moisture is made with a slightly alkaline hot water with sodium carbonate. The yield of thiourea dioxide removal differs significantly from the bleach liquid due to the nature of the reaction. Because thiourea dioxide only whites in the absence of oxygen, and whitened fabrics will retain oxygen, fractal bleaching patterns will be observed. This is very different from household bleach discharge, where bleach easily penetrates the fabric (especially in whitening formulations containing detergent). For example, folding the fabric several times and clamping a prisoner will produce a clear design after deciphering resistance with household bleach, but disposal with reducing agents will only partially penetrate the opposing area.
In general, disposal techniques, especially using household bleach, are an easily accessible way to bind dyes without the use of dye that is often messy and relatively expensive. It is easy to place designs on fabrics using stencils and sprayed household bleach solutions, but the complicated and undesirable results of discharge using reducing agents often go beyond the results of oxidation discharge techniques.
Maps Tie-dye
Design and pattern
Tie-dye can be used to make various designs on fabrics, from standard patterns like spiral, peace sign, diamond, and marble effect to beautiful artwork. Using techniques such as stencils (sablon a la using dyes or waste pastes), stapled blocks, and tricycles (stitching and gathering), tie-dye can produce almost any desired design.
History
The earliest example
The earliest surviving example of a pre-Columbian tie-dye in Peru dates from 500 to 810 AD. Their designs include small circles and lines, with bright colors including red, yellow, blue, and green.
Asia
Shibori includes tie-dye forms originating from Japan and Indonesia. It has been practiced there since at least the 8th century. Shibori includes a number of techniques retaining labor including complex pattern stitching and tightly collecting stitches before coloring, forming a complicated design for kimono. Another shibori method is to wrap the fabric around the core of the rope, wood or other material, and tie it tightly with yarn or yarn. The fabric area against the core or under the binding will remain invisible.
In the 1941 book "Pacific Orphans", about the Philippines, it was recorded: "There are several thousand Bagobos, who wear highly decorated clothes made of hemp fibers, all tied and dyed into fancy designs, and which further self-ornaments with large metal discs. "
Plagi and tritik are Indonesian words, derived from Japanese words, for methods relating to tie-dye, and the term 'bandhna' from India, giving rise to Bandhani cloth from Rajasthan. Bonding is a method of tie-dyeing the weft or feed before the fabric is woven.
Mudmee tie-dye comes from Thailand and neighboring Laos. It uses different shapes and colors from other types of tie-dye, and its color, in general, is quieter. Another difference is the color is essentially black.
Africa
The tie-dye technique has also been used for centuries in the Hausa region of West Africa, with the famous indigo dye holes located in and around Kano, Nigeria. The tie-dyed clothing is then embroidered with a traditional pattern. It has been argued that African techniques are the inspiration for tie-dyed clothing identified with hippie fashion.
Tie-dye in the Western world
Tie-dyeing was known in the United States in 1909, when Professor Charles E. Pellow of Columbia University obtained several samples of muslin cloth and then gave lectures and live demonstrations of the technique.
Although shibori and batik techniques are sometimes used in Western fashion before the 1960s, modern psychedelic tie-die did not become a trend until the late 1960s following examples made by rock stars such as Janis Joplin and John Sebastian (who performed their own immersion). The 2011 documentary Magic Trip , which shows amateur movie footage taken during a 1964 cross country journey from the conscience icon Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters, shows travelers developing a tie-dye shape by taking LSD on the side pool and pour the enamel-based paint model into it, before placing a white T-shirt over the water surface. Although the process is closer to the paper marbling, in the accompanying narrative, travelers claim credit for creating tie-dyeing.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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