Dried bites are bites by venomous animals that have no toxins released. The bite of the dried snake is called "The bite of a venomous snake without envenoming". Dry bites can occur from all snakes, but the frequency varies from one species to another. For example, Eastern Australian chocolate snakes (Pseudonaja textilis) can cause dry bites 80% of the time while taipans cause dry bites only 5% of the time. Approximately 25% of snakebite cases can be bitten dry. They are characterized by fangs and tooth marks and the absence of injected toxins.
Dry bites often confuse the attending physician and the victim. This phenomenon is exploited by a dukun doctor as evidence of the expected effectiveness of the miracle drug.
In practice it is not always easy to say the dry bite of a dangerous or least dangerous venomous bite. This is not much of a problem where there is no specific antivenom, because the main options are infection prevention and treatment of reactive symptoms when they occur; but where people say, black mamba bites, where toxic doses are often large, their effects are rapid, and effective antivenom is available, people are rarely able to delay treatment long enough to ascertain whether the bite is harmful. Also, snake-like bites with toxins that cause blood or tissue damage, such as many Viperidae, may take a long time to kill, but it does not take long for irreparable tissue damage, possibly causing a loss of limb, or worse. Such envenomation should be treated immediately, not only after the symptoms become severe.
One of the most difficult problems associated with dry bites, is that it's not just a dry bite problem and the other one is venomous; some species have sophisticated mechanisms to control the dose of injected toxins, which can be highly variable and unpredictable. Jumping to conclusions based only on the experiences of certain species or a group of related species can be fatal. There are many variables; anecdotally, very young venomous snakes, for example, tend to have disproportionate bites - there is reason to suspect that they routinely cause full bite.
Dry bites from spiders such as tarantulas and large Sparassidae are common and, if correctly identified, can be ignored or, if appropriate, treated with mild antiseptics. On the other hand, some reports clearly show that some of their bites cause a marked neurotoxic effect. For example, in South Africa, the common "Spider Rain" Palystes castaneus and similar species, is usually described as a negligible toxin, and of course at least difficult to find documented cases of serious effects.
A case in Cape Town is a testament to the dangers of generalization. In his garden with his bare hands in the bushes, a woman felt a stinging sensation and withdrew hastily. Seeing anything, he pushed his arm again and felt a worse sting; examination reveals a cocoon of a nest, with women on guard. There is a local redness at the site of the bite, but no other adverse effects. However, in the evening, there was dizziness and nausea, and his arms were swollen and sore, with local color changes at the site of the bite. The pain and swelling need a few days to subside.
Given that typical Palystes bites are less traumatic than bee stings, it is likely that many are biting dry, but as in this case, when there are two bites, perhaps less dry than usual, the putative effect makes it very reasonable to suspect that the poison can not be ignored. It is impossible to conduct a controlled study on humans, and the effects on non-human subjects can not be trusted because there are major unpredictable differences between species in such matters.
In the event of a dry bite, anti-toxins should not be taken, as they have unnecessary side effects.
Video Dry bite
See also
- Snakebite
- Spider bites
Maps Dry bite
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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