- This article discusses Heer World War II uniforms. For the Luftwaffe, see Luftwaffe Uniform (1935-45), for Kriegsmarine, see Kriegsmarine Uniforms and Badges, for Schutzstaffel, see Schutzstaffel Uniforms and Badges.
The following is a general description of the main uniform Heer , although there are so many uniforms and special variations that are not all (such as camouflage, Luftwaffe, tropical, extreme winter) can be included. SS uniforms, not included here, began to break out in 1935 with little design difference.
Terms like M40 and M43 were never set by Wehrmacht , but are names given for different versions of Modell 1936 field tunics by modern collectors, to differentiate between variations, because M36 is constantly simplified and tweaked due to the problem of production time and combat experience. The correct German term for the tunic is Feldbluse and literally translates "field blouse".
Insignia
- For the medal, see List of military decorations from Third Reich
The uniform of the Heer as ground troops of the Wehrmacht is distinguished from other branches by two devices: the army form of Wehrmachtsadler or Hoheitszeichen (a national symbol) worn over the right pocket, and - with certain exceptions - the collar tab marked Litzen ( Doppellitze "double braid"), the device inherited from the old Prussian Guard which resembles the Roman numeral II on its side. Both eagles and Litzen are embroidery or woven machines in white or gray (hand embroidered silk, silver or aluminum for attendants). The rank is worn on a shoulder strap except for registered junior ( Mannschaften ), who wear a plain shoulder strap and their coat of arms, if any, on the upper left arm. NCO's wear silver or 9mm gray braids around the edge of the collar.
Shoulder straps and, in most cases, collar patches channeled or coated on Waffenfarbe, color codes identifying service branches belonging to units: white for infantry, red for artillery, pink roses for Panzer troops etc.
Most belt buckles have Heeresadler with the words "Gott mit uns" ("God with us").
Field uniform and service
Field Tunique ( Feldbluse ) Model 1936
When the Nazis came to power in early 1933, the Reichswehr, the army of the Weimar Republic, was near the end of a two-year project to redesign the Feldbluse Army (field blouse). Beginning that year, the new tunic was quickly released to Reichsheer and then Wermacht Heer grew rapidly, although minor design changes continued until the emergence of the Heeres Dienstanzug Modell 1936 standard . Tunica M36 still retains the traditional empire and Reichswehr gray gray uniform color is "gray" ( feldgrau ), but inserts four front patch pockets with flaps and folds toothed. (on Reichswehr tunics, spikes are internally shaped and tilted). The front is closed with five buttons instead of the previous eight, and the shoulder collar and strap is a dark-green bottle instead of the gray "Reichswehr". Compared to Weimar era uniforms, shorter feldbluse skirts and tailoring are more fitting because of the German adoption of mechanical warfare: the army now spends much time in the limited space of vehicles and the shorter jackets are less likely to take the dirt off the seats. It also includes an internal suspension system, where a soldier can hang a belt of equipment on a series of hooks outside the tunic. This hook is connected to two straps inside the layer, which spread the weight of the equipment without having to use external equipment suspenders. M36 is produced and released until the end of the war, although successive patterns become dominant.
SS field uniforms have an externally similar appearance but to fit the larger patches have wider collars, feldgrau, and lower pockets are slanted slash types similar to black or gray service outfits SS. The second button of SS Feldbluse is positioned somewhat lower, so it can be worn open-collared with a tie. Due to supply problems, SS often issued army uniforms.
Tunique M40
The M40 uniform is the first design change in the standard army uniform. This differs from M36 only in substitution of feldgrau for the green-collar bottle and shoulder strap, which began to be removed in 1938/39, although most examples of combat indicate this variation appeared in 1940, then the unofficial M40 pattern. Troops favor the older green collar, and the modified M40 (and later) tunes M36 with collared M36 collar or bottle-green collar coatings are not unusual.
Tunique M41
The M41 is exactly the same as the M40, but with the 6 front button due to material quality degradation, which is now 50% or more viscose rayon and recycled shoddy. However, SS special uniforms still use 5 buttons.
Tunique M42
M42 is basically a M40/41 tunic, but with folds removed from all pockets to save material and production time.
M43 Tunique
The M43 sees the removal of all the creases and the toothed flap from the tunic field, and the pouch starts cut straight than with the rounded end. Many M43 tunics are made with a much simpler version of the internal suspension system, or completely removed.
Model Field Blouse 1944
In late 1944, to reduce the cost of sewing and production, the Wehrmacht introduced uniform M44 patterns. Similar in appearance to the British Battle Dress or the corresponding US "Ike" jacket, the M44 is unlike other German pattern uniforms, and the first major deviation in uniform design since 1936. The tunic skirt is shortened with waist length, added internal belts, and tunics can be worn with open or closed collar. The color is the new "Feldgrau 44" , a dull greenish brown. The rarely used and complicated internal suspension system was eventually dropped. German symbols are still worn (breast eagles, Litzen collar and shoulder boards). Except for the elite Panzer-Lehr-Division, which tested new uniforms in the summer of 1944 before being approved for common problems, the M44 is usually seen up front only in the final months of the war and generally on the greenest troops: new Substitutes, teenagers, Flakhelfer, and militia.
Trousers
M22 (M36)
In the beginning, the M1936 tunic was worn with the same gray trousers ( steingrau ) as introduced by Reichswehr in 1922. These are long, straight and straight waist trousers. with suspenders (braces) and three internal pockets plus a pocket watch; in the field they are wrapped in boots.
M40
In 1940 the contractors were instructed to stop the fabrication of the steingrau fabric and instead produce the same feldgrau cloth panties; Yet the army depots continued to issue stocks and darker trousers were still seen until about 1942.
M43
The design of the new field pants was introduced in 1943, replacing the old World War I style with Langhosen's "Langhosen" straight legs. New features include tapered ankles (to help fit the new ankle boots and gaiters, which replaced the jackboots beginning in 1941/42), reinforced seats, and loops to allow the trouser belts to be used. They are the favorite and most powerful trousers of the German army, and are produced right up to the end of the war.
Close fields
Side cover ( FeldmÃÆ'¼tze ) M34/M38/M42
The original soft cover for Hein , introduced in 1934, is a folding garrison or envelope cap in feldgrau wool, similar to that used by American, Soviet and RAF personnel but with " spoon "in front; Schiffchen ("small ship") is very popular, comfortable, and worn throughout the war. Variants in black wool and olive cotton are removed with Panzer and tropical uniforms. The emblem consists of the embroidered national emblem ( Wehrmachtsadler ) and the red-white-and-black cage, and (until 1942) an inverted chevron ( soutache ) in Waffenfarbe me. The officer's hat (M38) is supplied in silver or aluminum (gold for generals). The variant appeared in 1942 with two "folds" portions intended to function as an ear flap in cold weather, secured by two front buttons: it was quickly defeated by the M43 field cap. (, Dienstanzug )
Close the Visored field ( EinheitsfeldmÃÆ'¼tze ) M43
Since before World War I German and Austrian mountain troops have put on a "ski cap" ( GebirgsmÃÆ'¼tze ) with the earplugs secured in front of two buttons. This version of the hat with a longer visor, fake imitation, and a slightly lower crown in olive cotton pieces has been released in tropical uniforms. In 1943 a similar hat in the gray wool field with a visor between length between the mountain and the tropical version was issued for all troops only to be used in the field; quickly become the most commonly used head cover in front. The insignia is similar to the side cap, although eagles and cockade are both worn above turn-ups. Black version is issued to Panzer crew.
Top cap ( SchirmmÃÆ'¼tze )
Clothes, service caps and walking caps for all ratings are peaked caps as they were completed in 1934. The semi-rigid bands were covered in green-bottle cloth, and the rigid visors came in a variety of materials and were made of black vulkanisir fibers, fibers, plastics or (sometimes - sometimes) patent leather. The woolly oval crown is bent with a wire into a curved "saddleback" shape with a noble front. Insignia consists of a national cockade surrounded by oakleaf wreaths on the front of the band, with Wehrmachtsadler above; These are stamped aluminum or occasionally embroidered bullion for officers (silver for company and field class officers, and gold for generals). The band and crown edges are channeled at Waffenfarbe. Registered person wearing a hat with black chinstrap; officers wearing a pair of silver or aluminum straps braided (gold for the generals). The NCO was authorized to wear SchirmmÃÆ'¼tze when the uniform of the day determined the field cap.
Hat officers are often purchased privately and have higher-quality cloth covers; these are often interchangeable and include white olive and tropical summer versions as well as feldgrau.
Close the "old" officer "or" crusher "style field
At the same time the M34 side caps were introduced for registered clothing, field caps folded for officers to be authorized. Superficially resembling SchirmmÃÆ'¼tze , this hat has a smaller diameter crown with no wire holder, soft tape, and flexible leather visor or welded feldgrau. Insignia is jacquard fabric; Although no chinstrap is authorized, officers often add a silver string SchirmmÃÆ'¼tze . This hat was officially replaced by the Schiffchen M38 officer, with the wear date of April 1, 1942, but this order was largely ignored and the popular KnautschmÃÆ'¼tze was worn during the war, then known as field cap ÃÆ'¤ltere Art (old style).
Officers and NCOs in the field will occasionally eliminate the wire recognizers from SchirmmÃÆ'¼tze to achieve a "crush" look, especially the tank crew (to facilitate headphone wear); this unlawful but widespread practice should not be confused with a true "crusher".
Helm
In 1935 the Wehrmacht adopted a lower version, lighter than a M1916/18 "coal-breaker" helmet; it became a German helmet of World War II everywhere, worn by all branches of the Wehrmacht and SS, police, fire brigades, and Party organizations. The collector distinguishes a few production variants as M35, M40 and M42. The Heer helper was originally painted "green apple," semigloss feldgrau somewhat darker than the uniform color; Wartime plants and field paintings cover a whole range of very dark black-green to gray-gray to olive-green (and yellow sand in Africa), deeper matte or textured paint to remove reflections. The Army began issuing the helmet camouflage cover in 1942, first on the Splittertarnmuster (splinter pattern) and then in the Sumpftarnmuster pattern (swamp/swamp or "water"); this is never a lot and individual soldiers often improvise the helmet cover of the Zeltbahn (tent/poncho) fabric, or more rarely paint their helmets with camouflage patterns. Soldiers will also cover their helmets with a net or chicken wire where the leaves can be inserted.
Early and early Stahlhelme warlords had sticker shields on both sides, black-and-white-red diagonal stripes on the right and Heiersadler in the silver -abu on the left; in 1940 national colors and then in 1943 the eagle was stopped, and the decals were often covered up during repainting. During this initial period, SS helmets carry a red shield with swastika on the right and a white shield with SS sig-runes on the left. The Navy was as Army but with a golden eagle, and the Luftwaffe helmet replaced the branch eagle.
Boot
Jackboots ( Marschstiefel "marching boots")
The calf knee-high boots are the traditional footwear of German soldiers for generations. The Wehrmacht boot is slightly different from World War I: made of pebbled brown skin (blackened with paint), with a leather sole nail and iron heel. Trousers worn inside. At first as high as 35-39 cm, the boots were shortened to 32-35 cm in 1939 to save skin. In 1940 the skin became more scarce and the problem was limited to combat branches, and in 1941 boots were no longer issued for new recruits. By the end of 1943, the production of boots had stopped altogether. However, until the end of 1944 the depots were encouraged to issue Marschstiefel to infantry and artillery, as far as they were available.
Shoe knee-high and more fit, and (as usual) often buy high-quality items personally. They should be worn with pants; However, this is technically not a "riding" boots, somewhat different from the Reitstiefel used (by spurs) by regiments with the cavalry tradition. By order of 31 October 1939, most frontline officers were wearing shorter EM boots with Langhosen or Keilhosen, but some rules were ignored and put on their kneeboots.
Ankle boots ( SchnÃÆ'¼rschuhe "lace shoes")
From 1937 each recruits removed a pair of ankle-shoe workshops for basic training, and kept them for fatigue and the like. Beginning in 1940, the Army stopped issuing boots to personnel at the rear and authorized the use of utility boots with field uniforms; canvas foot protector or Gamaschen is published for this purpose. From 1941 SchnÃÆ'¼rschuhe was authorized for combat units as well, and the only footwear issued for new members; in 1943 their clothes had become universal.
Officer
Also in 1935, Heer introduced a new service tunic for officers and NCO seniors. This is very similar to other tunics, but differs in detail: the collar is a taller, more pointed and fall type, the shoulders are padded, the arm has a deep-turning cuff, no internal suspension system or grommets for the belt hook, and there are two buttons ramp at the back of the waist to support the belt. Because officers have to buy their own uniforms, many of these tunics are custom made or produced by menswear, and if purchased for service clothing mostly use high-quality wool gabardine ( Tricot ), doeskin or whipcord. For this reason Dienstrock officers did not experience any changes in cost savings that affected the registered M36, and maintained a green and toothed collar, a pleated pouch during the war. After the Army officially wore an open collar with a tie in 1943, some officer tunics were made with fixed collars like Luftwaffe Tuchrock.
His trousers were gray gray (gray on the field then) Langhosen , or trousers worn with high boots. The General Officers and the General Staff wore red or red carmine wide pants, respectively.
Although the M35 remains the official service uniform, soon after the outbreak of war, the officers in combat units of the regiment commander or under are instructed to wear more practical (and less conspicuous) uniforms for front-line service. , and store "nice" uniforms for street, office and garrison clothing; some of these EM tunics were personally modified with French cufflinks and officer's collar. Nevertheless, many officers ignore the rules and put on Dienstrock up front, sometimes even with pants.
Shirt uniform
WaffenrockThe Waffenrock (military mantle) is a descendant of that introduced by the Prussian Army in 1842 and was quickly adopted by other German states. In its Wehrmacht form released in 1935, it is an eight-bud tuned long thigh of fine wool feldgrau , without an external pocket. The collar is taller than the service tunic and more complicated Litzen, embroidered in silver-white and installed in Waffenfarbe backing; smaller ÃÆ'â € žrmelpatten , an appearance similar to Litzen, appears below the button on a dark green Swedish cufflink. Waffenfarbe piping also reverses the collars, cuffs, front cover, and toothed rear ventilation.
Officer wearing an official silver belt. The trousers are steingrau , with the outer suture spliced ​​in Waffenfarbe. In full uniform ( grosser Gesellschaftanzug ) Waffenrock i> is worn with a medal, aiguillette (clerk), trousers and shoes, Schirmmutze , gloves, and sword (senior officer/officer) or bayonet dress (registered). Parade dress replaces steel helmet and boots. Semi-formal ( kleiner Gesellschaftanzug ) and walking uniforms (Ausgangsanzug ) are complete clothing, but without aiguillette and with ribbon replacing medals.
Production and Waffenrock problems were suspended in 1940, and either service or uniform clothing was charged for clothing events. However, Waffenrock remains official to walk out for those who own or can afford it; and it is a widespread practice to be unlawful to borrow a Waffenrock soldier from a regimental stock to marry, as evidenced by many wartime wedding photos.
Uniform with officer officer (M37)
In 1937 officers were authorized the optional purchase of uniform "ornament" or "piped" ( mit VorstÃÆ'¶ssen ), to be worn as a less formal alternative to > Waffenrock for a walk and some ceremonial events. M37 Feldbluse is identical to the tunic of the M35 service, except the collar and Litzen are the same as Waffenrock , and the collars, closures and handcuffs are channeled at Waffenfarbe . It was worn with pants pants.
Summer white tunic
Certain senior officers and officers have the option of wearing white cotton robes from April to September. The Reichswehr "old style" ( ÃÆ'¤ltere Art ) model has a stand collar, front six-button, and plain sleeve; it is permitted to use barracks, supervise training, and attend sporting events. Newer models introduced in 1937 had an up-and-down collar, an eight-button front, and a French cuff, and were authorized as a walking uniform and undressing the summer. Both versions have removable buttons, base board and metal chest eagle to allow washing; coat collar is not charged.
Panzer uniform
Panzer Uniform (Sonderbekleidung der Panzertruppen) consists of a black knee-length double-breasted jacket and trousers, with a skull in the collar patch instead of Litzen and, officially up to 1942, the pipe collar in Waffenfarbe (usually pink roses from armor branches, but also gold for former cavalry units in reconnaissance or black/white spin roles for combat engineers). The colors and TotenkÃ… pfe (skulls) were chosen because of their similarity to the Black Hussars uniform in August von Mackensen, and also for practical reasons: black color makes the oil stain less visible and the short jacket is less likely to be caught on the machines. The trousers had tapered cuffs with string and ribbon to fit in lace-laced boots. Although the jacket can be buttoned into the neck in cold weather, it is usually worn open-collared with a gray shirt or gray pitch and (in theory) a black tie.
The jacket was produced in three different patterns between 1934 and 1945. The first patterned jacket had an inner collar with a square collar. Also there is no provision to cover the collar. The second pattern (1936-42) adds three buttons to cover the collar, reduces the size of the collar and has a more pointed collar. Note that some second pattern jackets are produced without piping pipes (perhaps for non-panzer personnel who are entitled to wear jackets). The third pattern (1942-45) removes the collar pipe for all personnel but is otherwise similar to the second pattern.
The self-propelled anti-tank artillery ( PanzerjÃÆ'¤ger ) and assault-gun ( SturmgeschÃÆ'¼tz ) were removed uniformly similarly in the gray field from 1940.
Initially a large black beret was worn over a hardened helmet. This proved complicated and unnecessary and on 27 March 1940 a black version of the standard M34/M38 cover was authorized; then in the M43 field hat war in black is outdated. Officers often wear old-fashioned mouthed caps ( altere Art ) "crusher".
The crew in North Africa are wearing the same tropical olive uniform with the infantry, including the collar of Litzen; many tankers sticking their skeletal badges to their collar.
In 1943 Panzertruppe released its summer HBT summer uniform. It resembles a black uniform but has one, a very large pocket on the left chest and another on the front of the left thigh.
The entire one-piece denim, known as the Panzerkombi, is issued to crews and mechanical panels for maintenance work and the like; crews sometimes use it for public field services even though the practice is not recommended. Originally published in greyish-blue, Waffen-SS then using a sample printed with camouflage. It features a zipper running across the inside of the foot of the trash that can be used to zip both legs together to make a sleeping bag.
Winter uniform
At the beginning of the war, it consisted of thick wool jackets (similar patterns were issued for the East German border guards until 1989). They have silver dipped buttons that do not reflect light and are sometimes painted green to provide further camouflage. After Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union, the Germans found themselves unprepared for the winter of Russia and had to improvise: civilians back home were asked to donate fur coats for war effort until sufficient winter clothing had been produced. Hooded waterproof parka was issued later in the war, white for troops on the east front and in a gray field for mountain troops. In addition to standard snow camouflage issues, Germany also uses a lot of captured Red Army equipment, especially boots that provide better protection from below zero temperatures.
Tropical uniform
The M40 Tropical tunic from Afrikakorps, which was then passed for summer clothing in Southern Europe, was essentially the same piece as the standard army uniform but with open collar and collar, and made of medium-sized cotton twill which in service faded into khaki. Also olives are a rarely used shirt and tie. Insignia embroidered with a dull blue-gray color on a brown pedestal cloth. The tunic is issued to all Army personnel in North Africa, including officers and Panzer crew. Officers as usual often buy uniforms personally, and olive, khaki or mustard-yellow cotton versions of M35 officer tunics are worn along with standard problems, sometimes with green collars. M40 Tropical breeches are jodhpur type, to be worn with knee or puttees boots: these are very unpopular and most are immediately cut to make shorts (Commonwealth/Commonwealth shorts are often worn as well). In mid-1941 the conventional pants in olive cotton were being removed, followed shortly thereafter by Heer's shorts; it has a built-in cloth belt. A brown brown coat in the same pattern as the continental version was removed as a refuge from the cold desert nights.
Pith helmets, ankle boots with puttees, and lace-up canvas knee-boots were also issued in 1941 as protection from sand and tropical sun; puttees disappear quickly and the hated knee boots are mostly slashed down to the ankles. The pith helmet, though effective against the sun, proves to be large and impractical in front-line services and is usually only used in the back area. For battle situations, standard steel helmets are painted in brown colors removed, usually yellow sandy interior interiors (sandgelb sandals) or brown-yellow exteriors ( gelbbraun ). Soft cover Afrikakorps is a peaked M40 (peaked) that looks similar to mountain forces ( GebirgsjÃÆ'¤ger ). This very popular hat is made of cotton olive cotton lined with red loose cotton fabric for protection from the sun and effective heat transfer from the head. It has a long visor, one-piece "fake fold" rather than a functional folding eyelet, and two ventilation metal vents on each side; for all the most extreme climatic conditions, the M40 cap is generally preferred over the pith helmet. Also outdated but less popular, except with Panzer personnel, is an olive cotton version of sidecap.
The Luftwaffe tropical uniform differs significantly from the Army version. Air force uniforms are made of yellowish-yellow cotton twill that proves to be a more effective camouflage color in the North African desert than the Army olive, though the latter does not fade into a wise color with the use and exposure of the sun. The piece is also considered more practical and suitable for the local climate than the early Army tropical uniforms, with loose-cut pants, covered collar tunics, and brown shirts. Unlike the Army, no special tropical coat is issued. The headgear, also on the tan, initially consists of a sidecap, a helmet pit, or a unique tropical peak hat design with a removable hood, though the latter was eventually replaced with a trophy M40 Army cap version at Luftwaffe tan.
When Tobruk was taken in June 1942, more than 18,000 British khaki uniforms were captured; the African Panzerarmee , who had been in short supply, took out a clothing store, shorts and boots to their own troops wearing a German badge.
HBT fatigue and summer uniform
Most of the recruitment prior to 1940 issued a fatigue uniform (Drillichanzug ) for basic training they retained for job details, weapon cleansing and other possible tasks to soil clothing. This is a striped uniform with no linen or cotton herringbone twill (HBT) logo that usually has two unlit buttons on the skirt; The registered version has a standing collar while the NCO version and officers have an up-and-fall collar. The fatigue uniforms were initially invisible and therefore the colors ranged from white to oatmeal to gray cement. On February 12, 1940, the ordered color was changed to a bluish green called "green-reed".
Because the thick wool uniform Camouflage
Germany first issued an annoying patterning camouflage in 1937. During the war, two different patterns were used: Splittermuster (flake pattern) and finer variant Sumpftarnmuster (swamp pattern)) , and Platanenmuster (tree tree pattern). Splinter Pattern was originally used for tents but was later applied by Luftwaffe to knochensack swimwear jumping from FallschirmjÃÆ'¤ger , and was formed into a camouflage sweater for infantry , while Platanenmuster is used by the Waffen-SS. Flecktarn , the latest version of the previous field tree pattern, is still used by modern German Bundeswehr .
In 1945, a new 6-color camouflage known as Leibermuster , which inspired the postwar US ERDL pattern was introduced. The color is black, brown, olive, pale green, white, and brownish red.
Video Uniforms of the Heer (1935-45)
Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe basic uniform consists of a blue-gray, single-breasted, open-collared jacket with four pockets and a cover; white shirt and black tie; blue-gray pants; black leather boots; and a peaked blue cap, side cap or Model 1935 Stahlhelm. Ratings are indicated by the collar patch, along with Army style shoulder boards.
Fly suits usually consist of a cream-colored jumpsuit, a flying helmet of leather, and thick fur lined boots. Black leather jackets are also worn by fighter pilots. The eagle symbol is different from the rest of the Wehrmacht: its wings are curved upward and the swastika has no circle around it.
Maps Uniforms of the Heer (1935-45)
Kriegsmarine
The uniform for the enlisted sailor consists of a jacket, trousers, a white and blue shirt, a three-line shirt collar, a silk scarf, gray gloves and a hat with two ribbons. An officer wore a dark blue-breasted reefer coat with ten gold buttons and a matching top hat. U Boats can also wear brown or gray leather jackets and trousers. As an unwritten rule, the captain of the U-boat wore a white hat peaked.
When U-boats go to sea, there are few restrictions on personnel being charged. Full uniforms are usually worn on departure and return to the base. Due to the narrow and humid conditions, U Boat crews often start wearing lightweight civil clothing that is more comfortable after they sail. These include sailor jumper and sleeveless clothes. The scouts will still wear poncho and sou'westers while on duty. The German U-Boat crew is also commonly issued with the British Army Battle Dress (with the German badges added). Large stocks have been captured by Germany after the fall of France in 1940.
See also
- Wehrmacht ratings and symbols
- Glossary of the German World War II military
- Comparative line of World War II officers
Note
Quote
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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