A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing far greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The fibers are then processed into various cotton items such as linen, while the undamaged cotton is used mostly for textiles such as clothing. Separated seeds can be used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil.
Hand-rolled skates have been used in the Indian subcontinent since the earliest 500 AD and later in other areas. The Indian worm roller catching tool, discovered sometime around the sixteenth century, has, according to Lakwete, remained unchanged to this day. Modern mechanical cotton sugars were invented by American inventor Eli Whitney in 1793 and patented in 1794. Whitney's pads use a combination of wire sieves and small wire hooks to pull cotton, while the brush constantly releases loose cotton cloth to prevent congestion. It revolutionized the cotton industry in the United States, but also led to the growth of slavery in South America as demand for cotton workers increased rapidly. This discovery has been identified as an unintentional contributory factor to the outbreak of the American Civil War. Modern automatic cotton gins use multiple powered and chainsaw cleaning cylinders, and offer much higher productivity than their hand precursors.
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793. He started working on this project after moving to Georgia to find work. Given the desperate farmers looking for ways to make cotton farm profitable, a woman named Catharine Greene gave Whitney the funds to make the first cotton gin. Whitney created two cottons: a small one that could be moved by hand and a large one that could be driven by a horse or water strength. Thanks to the cotton gin, the amount of raw cotton produced has doubled every decade after 1800.
Video Cotton gin
History
Ajanta Caves in India produced evidence from a single roll sugar factory used in the 5th century. This cotton sugar is used in India until innovation is made in the form of foot-powered legs. Sugar cotton was created in India as a mechanical device known as charkhi, a more technical "wood-working worm roller".
Destination
Cotton fibers are produced in seed pods ("bolls") of cotton plants where fiber ("lint") in bolls is tightly interwoven with seeds. To make the fiber usable, the seeds and fibers must be separated first, a task previously done manually, with cotton production requiring working hours for separation. Many simple seed lifts have been found, but until cotton gin innovation, most require significant operator attention and only work on a small scale.
Initial cotton sugar
The earliest version of cotton gin consists of a roll made of iron or wood and a piece of flat stone or wood. Evidence for this type of gin has been found in Africa, Asia, and North America. The first documentation of cotton gin by contemporary scholars was discovered in the fifth century, in the form of a Buddhist painting depicting a single gin roller at the Ajanta Cave in western India. This early penis is difficult to use and requires a lot of skill. Single narrow scrolls are required to remove the seeds from the cotton without destroying the seeds. The design is similar to a mealing stone, used for grinding grains. The earliest history of cotton gin is ambiguous, because archaeologists may mistaken cotton for other tools.
Between the 12th and 14th centuries, dual-roller gins appeared in India and China. The Indian version of the dual-roller gin was widespread throughout the Mediterranean cotton trade in the 16th century. These mechanical devices, in some areas, are driven by hydropower.
Mughal India
The worm gear cutters, found in the Indian subcontinent during the early 13th-14th century Delhi's Sultanate, began to be used in the Mughal Empire sometime around the 16th century, and are still used in the Indian subcontinent to this day. Another innovation, the incorporation of a crank handle in a cotton gin, first appeared several times during the late Sultanate of Delhi or early Mughal Empire. The incorporation of worm gears and crank grips into rolling cotton mills led to the widespread production of Indian cotton textiles during the Mughal era.
It was reported that, with an Indian cotton gin, half machine and half tool, a man and a woman can clean 28 pounds of cotton per day. With a modified version of Forbes, a man and a boy can earn 250 pounds per day. If the ox is used to power these 16 machines, and some laborers are used to feed them, they can generate as many as 750 jobs done before.
United States
Indian roller cotton sugars, known as churka, or charkha, were introduced to the United States in the mid-18th century, when adopted in the southern United States. This device was adopted for cleaning long-staple cotton, but not suitable for short cotton-a more common staple in certain countries such as Georgia. Some modifications were made on Indian gin roller by Mr. Krebs in 1772 and Joseph Eve in 1788, but its use remained limited to long-staple varieties, until the development of short-staple cotton gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney.
Eli_Whitney.27s_patent
Eli Whitney (1765-1825) filed a cotton gin patent on October 28, 1793; the patent was granted on March 14, 1794, but was not validated until 1807. Patent Whitney was granted a patent number 72X. There is little controversy over whether the idea of ​​modern gin cotton and its constituent elements is properly attributed to Eli Whitney. Whitney's popular image found a cotton gin linked to an article on a subject written in the early 1870s and then reprinted in 1910 at The Library of Southern Literature. In this article, the author claims Catharine Littlefield Greene suggested to Whitney the use of components such as brushes that play a role in separating the seeds and cotton. To date, Greene's role in gin discovery has not been independently verified.
The cotton gin model from Whitney was able to clean 50 pounds (23 kg) of fiber per day. This model consists of a wooden cylinder surrounded by a row of slender nails, which pulls the thread through the grille lattice like a comb. The grid is close, preventing the seeds from passing. The loose cotton is brushed, preventing the mechanism of jamming.
Many contemporary inventors strive to develop designs that will process short cotton, and Hodgen Holmes, Robert Watkins, William Longstreet and John Murray have all been granted patents for repairs to the cotton mill in 1796. However, evidence shows Whitney did create gin saw where he is famous. Although he spent years in court trying to enforce his patent against the planter who made illegal copies, a change in the patent law finally made his claim legally enforceable - it was too late for him to make a lot of money from the device in a year left before the patent expired.
gin McCarthy
While gin Whitney facilitates the removal of short-staple cotton seeds, it damages the cotton fibers (extra long staple) ( Gossypium barbadense ). In 1840 Fones McCarthy received a patent for "Smooth Cylinder Cotton-gin", a sugar factory. McCarthy sugars are marketed for use with short staple cotton and extra long, but are very useful for treating long-staple cotton. After the McCarthy patent ended in 1861, the types of McCarthy were produced in England and sold throughout the world. Sugar McCarthy was adopted to clean the various types of extra-long Staple cotton grown in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. It cleans cotton several times faster than older ones, and, when powered by one horse, produces 150 to 200 pounds of fiber a day. The McCarthy gin uses a reciprocating blade to release the seeds from the fibers. The vibrations caused by the reciprocating motion limit the speed at which gin can operate. In the middle of the 20th century, using a rotary blade is replaced by using a reciprocating blade. This Garth McCarthy offspring is the only gins now used for extra long staple cotton in the United States.
Effects in the United States
Before the introduction of mechanical cotton gin, cotton had required a lot of manpower to cleanse and separate the fibers from the seeds. With gin from Eli Whitney, cotton became a very profitable business, creating a lot of wealth in South Antebellum. Cities like New Orleans, Louisiana; Mobile, Alabama; Charleston, South Carolina; and Galveston, Texas became a major shipping port, benefiting the huge economic benefits of cotton raised throughout the South. In addition, the widespread supply of cotton creates a strong demand for textile machinery and improved engine design that replaces wood parts with metal. This led to the discovery of many machine tools in the early 19th century.
The discovery of cotton gin causes massive growth in cotton production in the United States, concentrated primarily in the South. Cotton production expanded from 750,000 bales in 1830 to 2.85 million bales in 1850. As a result, the region became more dependent on plantations and slavery, with plantation agriculture becoming its largest economic sector. While it takes a slave of about ten hours to separate a pound of fiber from the grain, a team of two or three slaves using cotton can produce about fifty kilograms of cotton in just one day. The number of slaves increased in line with the increase of cotton production, increasing from about 700,000 in 1790 to about 3.2 million in 1850. In 1860, black slave laborers from South America provided two-thirds of the world's cotton supply, and up to 80% of the market English is important. Such cotton sugar "turns cotton as a plant and South America becomes the world's first powerhouse".
Due to the unintentional effects on American slavery, and on ensuring that the Southern economy is developed towards plantation-based agriculture (while encouraging the growth of the textile industry elsewhere, as in the North), the invention of cotton gin is often cited as one indirect cause of the American Civil War.
Maps Cotton gin
Modern cotton gins
In the production of modern cotton, cotton arrives in industrial cotton in both trailers, in compressed "rectangular" modules "weighing up to 10 metric tons each or in a polythene spherical wrapped module similar to the straw bales produced during the picking process by the latest generation of cotton pickers. The cotton that arrives at the gin mill is sucked through a pipe, about 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter, which is swung over the cotton. These pipes are usually operated manually, but are increasingly automatic in modern cotton factories. The need for trailers to transport products to the factory has drastically reduced since the introduction of the module. If the cotton is sent in the module, the module feeder breaks the module separately using the spiked roller and extracts the largest piece of foreign material from the cotton. The loose cotton feeder module is then sucked to the same starting point as the cotton trailer.
Cotton then enters the dryer, which removes excess water. Cylinder cleaners use six or seven rotating cylinders that spin to break large cotton wadding. Smoother foreign materials, such as soil and leaves, pass through the rod or screen to be removed. The stick machine uses centrifugal force to dispose of larger foreign objects, such as rods and burrs, while the cotton is held by the cylinder saw spinning rapidly.
Stan Gin uses a rotating sawtooth to pull the cotton through a series of "ginning rib", which pulls the fibers from the seeds that are too big to pass through the ribs. The seeds are cleared and then removed from the gin through the auger conveyor system. These seeds are reused for planting or shipped to an oil mill for further processing into cottonseed oil and cottonseed. The cloth cleaner again uses saws and bars, this time to separate the immature seeds and the remaining foreign objects from the fibers. Press the bale and then condense the cotton into bales for storage and delivery. Modern Gin can process up to 15 tons (33,000 pounds) of cotton per hour.
Modern cotton gins create large quantities of gin residual cotton (CGR) which consists of stems, leaves, impurities, immature bolls, and cottonseed. Research is currently underway to investigate the use of this waste in producing ethanol. Due to fluctuations in chemical composition in the processing, there is difficulty in creating a consistent ethanol process, but there is the potential to further maximize waste utilization in cotton production.
References
Bibliography
Lakers, Angela (2003). Discovering Gin Cotton: Machine and Myth in American Antebellum . Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 9780801873942. < span> Ã,
External links
- Overview of Gin Katun - USDA site
- The story of Cotton - the site of the National Cotton Council of America
- National Cotton Ginners Association
- US Gin Cotton Industry - EH.Net Economic History Encyclopedia
- Invention of Gin Cotton - eHistory.com
- Cotton: life fiber - including a schematic diagram illustrating the seed removal process
- Manual gin cotton video in operation via YouTube
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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